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stare a sentire qu

  • 1 stare a sentire

    stare a sentire

  • 2 stare a sentire

    гл.

    Итальяно-русский универсальный словарь > stare a sentire

  • 3 stare vi irreg

    ['stare]
    (aus essere)
    1) (rimanere) to stay, be, remain

    stare fermo — to keep o stay still

    stare seduto — to sit, be sitting

    stare zitto — to keep o be quiet

    starò a Roma per qualche giorno — I'll stay o be in Rome for a few days

    stare a casa — to be o stay at home

    2) (abitare: temporaneamente) to stay, (permanentemente) to live

    sta in via Rossetti 5 — he lives at No. 5 via Rossetti

    3) (essere, trovarsi) to be, be situated

    sto bene, grazie — I'm fine, thanks

    sta bene! — (d'accordo così) that's fine!

    quel vestito ti sta bene/male — that dress suits/doesn't suit you

    gli sta bene! — (così impara) it serves him right!

    stare al banco — (cameriere) to serve at the bar

    4)

    (seguito da gerundio) stavo andando a casa — I was going home

    5)

    stare per fare qc — to be about to do sth, be on the point of doing sth

    6)

    stando ai fatti, sembrerebbe che... — the facts would seem to indicate that...

    7)

    starci; (essere contenuto) ci sta ancora qualcosa lì dentro? — is there room for anything else?

    8)

    starci; (essere d'accordo) ci stai se andiamo o ad andare fuori a cena? — do you want to go out for a meal?

    ha detto che non ci sta — he said he didn't agree, he said he was against the idea

    OK, ci sto — OK, that's fine

    9)

    starsene; se ne stava lì in un angolo — he was over in the corner

    non startene lì seduto, fa' qualcosa — don't just sit there, do something

    PAROLA CHIAVE: stare non si traduce mai con la parola inglese stare

    Dizionario Italiano-Inglese > stare vi irreg

  • 4 sentire

    sentire I (sènto) 1. vt 1) чувствовать, ощущать; испытывать sentire freddo -- ощущать холод sentire fame -- чувствовать голод sentire dolore -- испытывать боль sentire e consentire il dolore di qd lett -- чувствовать и разделять чью-л скорбь sentire stanchezza -- чувствовать усталость sentire un sapore -- чувствовать вкус sentire ammirazione -- чувствовать восхищение, восторгаться sentire riconoscenza -- чувствовать благодарность sentire compassione per qd -- чувствовать сострадание к кому-л farsi sentire fam -- давать себя знать gli anni ora incominciano a farsi sentire -- теперь( уже) годы дают себя знать 2) понимать, сознавать sentire la propria superiorità -- понимать свое превосходство sentire la propria incapacità -- сознавать свою неспособность 3) слушать stare a sentire -- прислушиваться stammi a sentire -- послушай меня senti un momento... -- послушай-ка... che sento!, che mi tocca sentire! -- что я слышу! sentiamo di che si tratta -- послушаем, о чем речь senti senti! fam -- послушай-ка!, ну и ну!, ну и дела! a sentire lui... -- послушать его, так... sentire il polso a qd а) med прощупать пульс у кого-л б) fig выяснить настроения <замыслы> кого-л 4) слышать non sentire -- не слышать (о глухом) 5) слушаться (+ G); следовать (+ D) sentire un consiglio -- слушаться совета, следовать совету 6) чуять; предчувствовать, предвидеть sentire la preda -- чуять добычу ci si sente tosc -- тут дело нечисто 7) fam пробовать senti se Х giusta di sale la minestra -- попробуй, достаточно ли я посолила суп? 8) fam узнать, спросить, посмотреть sentire il dottore -- обратиться к врачу vuoi sentire da lui se ha bisogno di nulla? -- спроси <посмотри>, ему ничего не нужно? 2. vi (a) 1) судить, считать sentire troppo di sé -- ставить себя слишком высоко 2) (di qc) отдавать, припахивать (+ S); иметь вкус <привкус, запах> (+ G) sentire di muffa -- пахнуть затхлым sentire di amaro -- горчить 3) (di) походить, смахивать (на + A) sentire di briccone -- смахивать на плута, производить впечатление плута sentirsi 1) чувствовать себя come si sente? -- как вы себя чувствуете?, как ваше здоровье? sentirsi bene -- быть здоровым ; чувствовать себя хорошо sentirsi impacciato -- чувствовать себя неловко sentirsi di troppo -- чувствовать себя лишним sentirsi grato a qd -- быть благодарным кому-л non sentirsi più dalla gioia -- быть вне себя от радости 2) (di + inf) быть в состоянии, быть расположенным (сделать что-л) sentirsi di prendere la responsabilità -- согласиться взять на себя ответственность non sentirsela di fare qc -- быть не в состоянии сделать что-л se la sente? -- хватит у вас духу сделать это? non me la sento fam -- я -- пас 3) ci sentiamo! -- созвонимся! sentire II m чувство; понимание uomo di alto sentire -- человек высоких чувств la diversità del sentire -- различие в понимании

    Большой итальяно-русский словарь > sentire

  • 5 sentire

    sentire I (sènto) 1. vt 1) чувствовать, ощущать; испытывать sentire freddo — ощущать холод sentire fame — чувствовать голод sentire dolore — испытывать боль sentire e consentire il dolore di qd lett — чувствовать и разделять чью-л скорбь sentire stanchezza — чувствовать усталость sentire un sapore — чувствовать вкус sentire ammirazione — чувствовать восхищение, восторгаться sentire riconoscenza — чувствовать благодарность sentire compassione per qd — чувствовать сострадание к кому-л farsi sentire fam — давать себя знать gli anni ora incominciano a farsi sentire — теперь( уже) годы дают себя знать 2) понимать, сознавать sentire la propria superiorità — понимать своё превосходство sentire la propria incapacità — сознавать свою неспособность 3) слушать stare a sentire — прислушиваться stammi a sentire — послушай меня senti un momento … — послушай-ка … che sento!, che mi tocca sentire! — что я слышу! sentiamo di che si tratta — послушаем, о чём речь senti senti! fam — послушай-ка!, ну и ну!, ну и дела! a sentire lui … — послушать его, так … sentire il polso a qd а) med прощупать пульс у кого-л б) fig выяснить настроения <замыслы> кого-л 4) слышать non sentire — не слышать ( о глухом) 5) слушаться (+ G); следовать (+ D) sentire un consiglio — слушаться совета, следовать совету 6) чуять; предчувствовать, предвидеть sentire la preda — чуять добычу ci si sente tosc — тут дело нечисто 7) fam пробовать senti se è giusta di sale la minestra — попробуй, достаточно ли я посолила суп? 8) fam узнать, спросить, посмотреть sentire il dottore — обратиться к врачу vuoi sentire da lui se ha bisogno di nulla? — спроси <посмотри>, ему ничего не нужно? 2. vi (a) 1) судить, считать sentire troppo di sé — ставить себя слишком высоко 2) ( di qc) отдавать, припахивать (+ S); иметь вкус <привкус, запах> (+ G) sentire di muffa — пахнуть затхлым sentire di amaro — горчить 3) (di) походить, смахивать (на + A) sentire di briccone — смахивать на плута, производить впечатление плута sentirsi 1) чувствовать себя come si sente? — как вы себя чувствуете?, как ваше здоровье? sentirsi bene [male] — быть здоровым [больным]; чувствовать себя хорошо [плохо] sentirsi impacciato — чувствовать себя неловко sentirsi di troppo — чувствовать себя лишним sentirsi grato a qd — быть благодарным кому-л non sentirsi più dalla gioia — быть вне себя от радости 2) (di + inf) быть в состоянии, быть расположенным ( сделать что-л) sentirsi di prendere la responsabilità — согласиться взять на себя ответственность non sentirsela di fare qc — быть не в состоянии сделать что-л se la sente? — хватит у вас духу сделать это? non me la sento fam — я — пас 3): ci sentiamo! — созвонимся! sentire II ḿ чувство; понимание uomo di alto sentire — человек высоких чувств la diversità del sentire — различие в понимании

    Большой итальяно-русский словарь > sentire

  • 6 sentire

    sentire
    sentire [sen'ti:re]
     I verbo transitivo
     1 (con le orecchie) hören; (ascoltare) sich dativo anhören
     ►Wendungen: sentire qualcuno jdm zuhören; farsi sentire sich dativo Gehör verschaffen; stare a sentire zuhören
     2 (con il naso) riechen
     3 (col gusto) schmecken; (assaggiare) probieren, kosten
     4 (col tatto) spüren, fühlen
     5 (provare) fühlen, empfinden; (fame, sete) haben; sento caldofreddo mir ist (es) warmich friere
     6 (venire a sapere) erfahren, hören
     7 (accorgersi) merken, spüren
     II verbo intransitivo
    sentire di qualcosa (avere odore) nach etwas riechen; (avere sapore) nach etwas schmecken
     2 (udire) hören (können)
     III verbo riflessivo
    ■ -rsi sich fühlen; (essere disposto) sich imstande [oder im Stande] fühlen; mi sento bene ich fühle mich wohl; mi sento male mir ist schlecht; sentire-rsi svenire sich einer Ohnmacht nahe fühlen; non me la sento familiare ich habe keine Lust dazu

    Dizionario italiano-tedesco > sentire

  • 7 stare

    stare
    stare ['sta:re] <sto, stetti, stato>
       verbo intransitivo essere
     1 (essere) sein; (in un luogo) sich befinden, sich aufhalten; (in piedi) stehen; (restare) bleiben; stare fermo still stehen; stare seduto sitzen; stare in piedi stehen; le cose stanno così die Dinge stehen so; sta tranquillo bleib ruhig; stare a cuore am Herzen liegen; stare a dieta auf Diät gesetzt sein, Diät halten
     2 (abitare) wohnen; stare dai genitori bei den Eltern wohnen
     3 (di salute) gehen; come stai? wie geht es dir?; sto benemalecosì così mir geht es gutschlechtso lala
     4 (toccare) stare a qualcuno fare qualcosa an jemandem liegen, etwas zu tun; sta a te decidere es liegt an dir zu entscheiden
     5  matematica stare a sich verhalten zu
     6 (attenersi) stare a qualcosa sich an etwas accusativo halten
     7 (colore, indumento) stehen; questi pantaloni ti stanno benemale diese Hose steht dir gutschlecht
     8 (resistere) es aushalten; stare allo scherzo (einen) Spaß vertragen (können); non può stare senza fumare er [oder sie] kann es ohne zu rauchen; non posso stare senza di te ich kann ohne dich nicht leben
     9 (entrarci) hineinpassen, hineingehen; starci passen, Platz haben
     10 (con gerundio) sto leggendo ich lese gerade; stavo guardando la TV ich war dabei fernzusehen
     11 (con infinitivo) stiamo a vedere cosa succede warten wir erst einmal ab was geschieht; stare a sentire zuhören; (obbedire) gehorchen; stare per fare qualcosa im Begriff sein etwas zu tun
     12 (loc): lasciar stare (sein) lassen, in Ruhe lassen; ti sta bene! familiare das geschieht dir recht!; starci (figurato: familiare: essere d'accordo) einverstanden sein, mitmachen

    Dizionario italiano-tedesco > stare

  • 8 sentire

    sentire [senˈtiːre]
    I. vt
    1. (con le orecchie) чувам
    stare a sentire qu слушам нкг
    2. (provare) чувствам
    sento caldo/freddo усещам топлина/студ
    II. vr - rsi чувствам се
    mi sento bene/male чувствам се добре/зле

    Grande dizionario italiano-bulgaro > sentire

  • 9 sentire

    feel
    ( udire) hear
    ( ascoltare) listen to
    odore smell
    cibo taste
    * * *
    sentire v.tr.
    1 to feel* (anche fig.): hai sentito il peso di questo pacco?, have you felt the weight of this parcel?; senti quanta umidità c'è in questa stanza, feel how damp this room is; senti com'è ruvido, feel how rough it is; sento un bruciore allo stomaco, I've got heartburn; sento che ha bisogno di me, he needs me, I feel it; sento che ha ragione, I feel he is right; sentire caldo, freddo, to feel warm, cold; sentire il caldo, il freddo, to feel the heat, the cold; sentire fame, sete, to feel hungry, thirsty; sentire la fatica, to feel the strain; sentire un male alla schiena, to feel a pain in one's back; sentire i morsi della fame, to feel the pangs of hunger; sentire il morso, to feel the bit; sentire la frusta, to feel the whip; sentire un prurito, to feel an itch; sentire il solletico, to be ticklish; sentire l'obbligo, to feel obliged; sentire la mancanza di qlcu., qlco., to feel the lack of (o to miss) s.o., sthg.; sentire compassione per qlcu., to feel pity for s.o. // sentire il tempo, to feel the weather // il freddo incomincia a farsi sentire, the cold is beginning to make itself felt // non sento più le gambe, I can hardly stand up // è un egoista che non sente nulla, he is an egoist without feelings // è un uomo schietto, le dice come le sente, he is an outspoken man, he says what he thinks // non tutti la sentono allo stesso modo, not everyone feels the same way about it // gli uomini hanno gli anni che sentono, le donne quelli che dimostrano, prov. men are as old as they feel, women as old as they look
    2 ( gustare) to taste: senti questo caffè, taste this coffee; senti se ti piace questa salsa, taste this sauce and see if you like it; sento qlco. di strano in questo dolce, I can taste sthg. strange in this cake
    3 ( odorare) to smell*: senti questa rosa, smell this rose; sento odore di cipolla, gas, bruciato, I smell onions, gas, sthg. burning; il cane l'ha sentito al fiuto, the dog has scented it; l'ho sentito dall'odore, I smelt it
    4 ( udire) to hear*: ho sentito un rumore, I heard a noise; si sente il treno, you can hear the train; fui così felice di sentire che avevi vinto il premio, I was so happy to hear you had won the prize; ho sentito dire che non è in città, I have heard that he is not in town; lo sentii io dire questo, I heard him say so myself; non l'ho mai sentito cantare, I have never heard him sing; non ne ho mai sentito parlare, I have never heard of it; non voglio sentirne più parlare, I do not want to hear any more about it // non sente nemmeno le cannonate, he sleeps like a log // a quel che sento, from what I hear // ne sentiremo delle belle, we won't half catch it // se ne sentono di tutti i colori!, the things you hear! (o that happen!) // farsi sentire, to make oneself heard: fatti sentire!, speak up for yourself!; non ti far sentire a piangere, don't let them hear you crying
    5 ( ascoltare) to listen to (s.o., sthg.): senti il tuo avvocato, go and see your lawyer; Senti! Volevo dirti..., Listen (o look)! I wanted to tell you...; stammi a sentire, listen to me; sentiamo!, let's hear it; sentire una commedia, to listen to a play; sentire la radio, to listen to the radio; sentire una conferenza, to listen to a lecture; sentire la lezione a un bambino, to make a child repeat his lesson // sentire la messa, to attend mass // a sentire lui, according to him // non sente ragione, he won't listen to reason // non sente altro che l'interesse, he doesn't do anything for nothing
    ◆ v. intr.
    1 ( udire) to hear*: non sente, è sordo, he cannot hear, he is deaf // da quell'orecchio non ci sente, he is deaf in that ear; (fig.) he'll turn a deaf ear
    2 ( avere gusto) to taste: sentire di buono, to taste good; sentire di pesce, to taste of fish
    3 ( avere odore) to smell*: sentire di buono, to smell good; sentire di muffa, to smell musty
    4 ( avere sentimenti): egli sente rettamente, he has a good heart.
    ◘ sentirsi v.rifl.
    1 to feel*; to feel* up to (sthg., doing); to feel* like (sthg., doing): sentire offeso, grato, obbligato, to feel hurt, grateful, obliged; sentire rinato, to feel reborn; non mi sento ( in grado) di fare una cosa così difficile, una passeggiata così lunga, I do not feel up to doing such a difficult thing, to going for such a long walk; non mi sento di mangiare, uscire, I do not feel like eating, going out // non me la sento, I do not feel like (o up to) it
    2 ( stare) to feel*; to be: come ti senti?, how do you feel? (o how are you feeling?); non mi sento molto bene, I do not feel quite myself; sentire a proprio agio, to feel at ease (o at home); sentire bene, male, stanco, depresso, to feel well, ill, tired, depressed; sentire svenire, to feel faint.
    sentire s.m. (letter.) ( sentimento) feeling, sentiment: uomo di alto sentire, man of noble feelings.
    * * *
    [sen'tire]
    1. vt
    1) (percepire: gen), (al tatto) to feel

    sentire freddo/caldo — to feel cold/hot

    2) (emozione) to feel
    3) (al gusto) to taste, (all'olfatto) to smell

    ho il raffreddore e non sento gli odori/i sapori — I've got a cold and I can't smell/taste anything

    4) (udire) to hear, (ascoltare) to listen to

    senti, mi presti quel disco? — listen, will you lend me that record?

    ho sentito dire che... — I have heard that...

    a sentir lui... — to hear him talk...

    farsi sentire — to make o.s. heard

    non ci sente — (sordo) he's deaf, he can't hear

    intendo sentire il mio legale/il parere di un medico — I'm going to consult my lawyer/a doctor

    1) (gen) to feel

    sentirsi bene/male — to feel well/unwell o ill

    come ti senti? — how are you?, how do you feel?

    2)

    (essere disposto) sentirsi di fare qc — to feel like doing sth

    3) (uso reciproco) to hear from each other, be in touch

    ci sentiamo spesso — (al telefono) we often talk on the phone

    * * *
    I 1. [sen'tire]
    verbo transitivo

    sentire freddo, caldo — to feel o to be cold, hot

    sentire fame, sete — to be o to feel hungry, thirsty

    ho camminato troppo, non sento più i piedi — I've been walking for too long, my feet are numb

    3) (attraverso l'odorato) to smell* [odore, profumo]
    5) (udire) to hear* [parola, rumore, colpo]
    6) (ascoltare) to listen to [radio, cassetta, conferenza, concerto]; [giudice, polizia] to hear* [ testimone]

    stammi bene a sentire... — now listen here...

    senti chi parla! — look o listen who's talking!

    senti un po',... — just a minute,...

    senti, non essere ridicolo! — come on, don't be ridiculous!

    senta, ne ho abbastanza — listen, I've had enough

    senti Sara, puoi prestarmi 10 euro? — say Sara, can you lend me 10 euros?

    non sentire ragioni — not to listen to, not to see reason

    9) (venire a sapere di) to hear* [notizia, storia]

    a quel che sento... — from what I hear...

    10) (intuire, immaginare) to feel*
    11) (provare) to feel* [affetto, desiderio, pietà, bisogno]
    2.
    verbo intransitivo (aus. avere)

    sentirci o sentire male to have a bad hearing; non sentire da un orecchio — to be deaf in one ear

    3.
    verbo pronominale sentirsi
    1) to feel* [stanco, triste, nervoso, stupido, tradito]

    - rsi male — to feel ill o sick o bad

    mi sentii mancare — my heart o spirit sank

    -rsi in debito con qcn. — to feel under obligation to sb.

    sentiamoci, ci sentiamo — (I'll) be in touch

    3) sentirsela (avere voglia) to feel* like ( di fare doing); (essere in grado) to feel* up to ( di fare doing)
    ••

    farsi sentire — (cominciare a pesare) to be felt; (farsi vivo) to turn up; (farsi valere) to make oneself o one's voice heard

    ••
    Note:
    v. la nota della voce 1.vedere
    II [sen'tire]
    sostantivo maschile lett. feeling, sentiment
    * * *
    sentire1
    /sen'tire/ [3]
    v. la nota della voce 1. vedere 
     1 (avvertire una sensazione fisica) sentire freddo, caldo to feel o to be cold, hot; sentire fame, sete to be o to feel hungry, thirsty; non sento più le dita per il freddo I'm so cold I can't feel my fingers any more; ho camminato troppo, non sento più i piedi I've been walking for too long, my feet are numb
     2 (attraverso il tatto) to feel*; ho sentito qualcosa di morbido I felt something soft
     3 (attraverso l'odorato) to smell* [odore, profumo]; si sente un buon profumo di caffè there is a lovely smell of coffee; i cani hanno sentito l'odore del cinghiale the dogs scented the boar
     4 (attraverso il gusto) to taste; si sente il vino nella salsa one can taste the wine in the sauce
     5 (udire) to hear* [parola, rumore, colpo]; la sentì salire le scale he heard her coming up the stairs; non l'ho mai sentito dire una cosa del genere I've never heard him say such a thing
     6 (ascoltare) to listen to [radio, cassetta, conferenza, concerto]; [giudice, polizia] to hear* [ testimone]; senti che cosa vuole go and see what he wants; sentiamo di che si tratta let's see what's it's about; non starlo a sentire don't listen to him; che cosa c'è? - sentiamo what's the matter? let's have it; che mi tocca sentire! I've never heard such nonsense! stammi bene a sentire... now listen here...; ma sentilo! (just) listen to him! senti chi parla! look o listen who's talking! ora mi sente! I'll give him a piece of my mind! senti un po',... just a minute,...; senti, non essere ridicolo! come on, don't be ridiculous! senta, ne ho abbastanza listen, I've had enough; senti Sara, puoi prestarmi 10 euro? say Sara, can you lend me 10 euros? non sentire ragioni not to listen to, not to see reason; non ne ho mai sentito parlare I've never heard of it; non voglio più sentirne parlare I don't want to hear another word about it
     7 (consultare) dovresti sentire un medico you should go to the doctor('s); sentire il parere degli esperti to seek experts' advice
     8 (avere notizie di) l'hai più sentita? have you heard any more from her?
     9 (venire a sapere di) to hear* [notizia, storia]; l'ho sentito ieri per caso I overheard it yesterday; ho sentito che si sposa I heard she's getting married; a quel che sento... from what I hear...; ne ho sentite delle belle su di lui I have been hearing stories about him; hai sentito dell'incidente? have you heard (anything) of the accident?
     10 (intuire, immaginare) to feel*; sento che è sincero I feel that he's sincere; sento che questo libro ti piacerà I have a feeling that you'll like this book
     11 (provare) to feel* [affetto, desiderio, pietà, bisogno]
     (aus. avere) sentirci o sentire male to have a bad hearing; non sentire da un orecchio to be deaf in one ear
    III sentirsi verbo pronominale
     1 to feel* [stanco, triste, nervoso, stupido, tradito]; - rsi male to feel ill o sick o bad; come ti senti? how do you feel? mi sentii mancare my heart o spirit sank; -rsi in debito con qcn. to feel under obligation to sb.; - rsi una star to feel like a star; me lo sentivo! I knew it!
     2 (per telefono) sentiamoci, ci sentiamo (I'll) be in touch; non fare niente finché non ci sentiamo di nuovo don't do anything until you hear from me
     3 sentirsela (avere voglia) to feel* like ( di fare doing); (essere in grado) to feel* up to ( di fare doing); te la senti? do you feel up to it? non me la sento di andare a Londra I'm not up to going to London
    farsi sentire (cominciare a pesare) to be felt; (farsi vivo) to turn up; (farsi valere) to make oneself o one's voice heard; gli effetti si faranno sentire in tutto il paese the effects will be felt throughout the country; il freddo comincia a farsi sentire the cold weather is setting in; fatti sentire! keep in touch!
    ————————
    sentire2
    /sen'tire/
    sostantivo m.
    lett. feeling, sentiment.

    Dizionario Italiano-Inglese > sentire

  • 10 stare

    vi irreg ['stare]
    (aus essere)
    1) (rimanere) to stay, be, remain

    stare fermo — to keep o stay still

    stare seduto — to sit, be sitting

    stare zitto — to keep o be quiet

    starò a Roma per qualche giorno — I'll stay o be in Rome for a few days

    stare a casa — to be o stay at home

    2) (abitare: temporaneamente) to stay, (permanentemente) to live

    sta in via Rossetti 5 — he lives at No. 5 via Rossetti

    3) (essere, trovarsi) to be, be situated

    sto bene, grazie — I'm fine, thanks

    sta bene! — (d'accordo così) that's fine!

    quel vestito ti sta bene/male — that dress suits/doesn't suit you

    gli sta bene! — (così impara) it serves him right!

    stare al banco — (cameriere) to serve at the bar

    4)

    (seguito da gerundio) stavo andando a casa — I was going home

    5)

    stare per fare qc — to be about to do sth, be on the point of doing sth

    6)

    stando ai fatti, sembrerebbe che... — the facts would seem to indicate that...

    7)

    starci; (essere contenuto) ci sta ancora qualcosa lì dentro? — is there room for anything else?

    8)

    starci; (essere d'accordo) ci stai se andiamo o ad andare fuori a cena? — do you want to go out for a meal?

    ha detto che non ci sta — he said he didn't agree, he said he was against the idea

    OK, ci sto — OK, that's fine

    9)

    starsene; se ne stava lì in un angolo — he was over in the corner

    non startene lì seduto, fa' qualcosa — don't just sit there, do something

    PAROLA CHIAVE: stare non si traduce mai con la parola inglese stare

    Nuovo dizionario Italiano-Inglese > stare

  • 11 sentire

    1. ( sento); vt
    1) чувствовать, ощущать; испытывать
    sentire e consentire il dolore di qd книжн. — чувствовать и разделять чью-либо скорбь
    sentire compassione per qd — чувствовать сострадание к кому-либо
    2) понимать, сознавать
    senti un momento... — послушай-ка...
    che sento!, che mi tocca sentire! — что я слышу!
    sentiamo di che si tratta — послушаем, о чём речь
    senti senti! разг. — послушай-ка!, ну и ну!, ну и дела!
    a sentir lui... — послушать его, так...
    5) слушаться; следовать
    sentire un consiglio — слушаться совета, следовать совету
    ci si sente тоск. — тут дело нечисто
    7) разг. пробовать
    senti se è giusta di sale la minestra — попробуй, хорошо ли я посолила суп
    vuoi sentire da lui se ha bisogno di nulla? — спроси / посмотри, ему ничего не нужно?
    2. ( sento); vi (a)
    1) судить, считать
    sentire di muffa — пахнуть затхлым
    sentire di briccone — смахивать на / производить впечатление плута
    3. ( sento); m
    чувство; понимание
    uomo di alto sentire — человек высоких чувств
    la diversità del sentire — различие в понимании

    Большой итальяно-русский словарь > sentire

  • 12 sentire

    [sen'tire]
    1. vt
    1) (percepire: gen), (al tatto) to feel

    sentire freddo/caldo — to feel cold/hot

    2) (emozione) to feel
    3) (al gusto) to taste, (all'olfatto) to smell

    ho il raffreddore e non sento gli odori/i sapori — I've got a cold and I can't smell/taste anything

    4) (udire) to hear, (ascoltare) to listen to

    senti, mi presti quel disco? — listen, will you lend me that record?

    ho sentito dire che... — I have heard that...

    a sentir lui... — to hear him talk...

    farsi sentire — to make o.s. heard

    non ci sente — (sordo) he's deaf, he can't hear

    intendo sentire il mio legale/il parere di un medico — I'm going to consult my lawyer/a doctor

    1) (gen) to feel

    sentirsi bene/male — to feel well/unwell o ill

    come ti senti? — how are you?, how do you feel?

    2)

    (essere disposto) sentirsi di fare qc — to feel like doing sth

    3) (uso reciproco) to hear from each other, be in touch

    ci sentiamo spesso — (al telefono) we often talk on the phone

    Nuovo dizionario Italiano-Inglese > sentire

  • 13 stare

    be
    ( restare) stay
    ( abitare) live
    stare bene be well
    stare per fare qualcosa be about to do something
    stammi a sentire listen to me
    lascialo stare leave him alone, let him be
    stare telefonando be on the phone, be making a phonecall
    come sta? how are you?, how are things?
    ben ti sta! serves you right!
    ci sto! here I am!
    sta bene all right, ok
    * * *
    stare v. intr.
    1 to stay; ( rimanere) to remain: sta' dove sei, stay where you are; sta' fermo!, stay (o stand) still!; stare in casa, to stay indoors; stette alla finestra a guardarci partire, she stayed at the window watching us leave; stare al sole, all'ombra, sotto la pioggia, to stay in the sun, in the shade, in the rain; questi fiori devono stare fuori la notte, these flowers must be left out at night; sono stato da Tom tutto il pomeriggio, I stayed at Tom's the whole afternoon // stare in piedi, to stand; stare diritto, to stand up straight; stare alzato, to stay up; stare sveglio, to stay awake; stare seduto, to remain seated; stare sdraiato, to be lying down; stare a letto, to stay in bed; stare in poltrona, to sit in an armchair; stare indietro, to stand back; stare in disparte, to stand aside
    2 ( abitare) to live: quando stavo a Milano, when I lived (o I used to live) in Milan; sta in campagna sei mesi all'anno, he lives in the country six months a year; sto uscio a uscio con lui, I live next door to him
    3 ( essere) to be: quell'albergo sta in cima a una collina, in riva al lago, the hotel is (o stands) on a hilltop, on the shore of the lake; stava su questo tavolo, it was on this table; sta alla cassa, he is at the cash desk; qui sta il difficile, this is the difficulty; le cose stanno così, it's like this; dire le cose come stanno, to be frank; stando così le cose..., things being as they are...; la faccenda sta in questi termini, it's like this; sta' attento, buono, tranquillo, be careful, good, quiet; sta' zitto!, keep quiet! (o fam. shut up!); stare in ansia, to be anxious; sta' sicuro che verrà, you can be sure he will come // ( così) sta scritto, thus it is written // stare con qlcu., ( avere una relazione) to be with s.o. // a quanto stanno le patate oggi?, (fam.) how much are potatoes today?
    4 ( andare) to go*; to be: sono stato a Londra l'anno scorso, I went to London last year; sei mai stato a Parigi?, have you ever been in Paris?; sono stata dal dottore, dalla sarta, I went to see my doctor, to the dressmaker's
    5 ( dipendere) to depend: se stesse in me l'avresti già, if it depended on me, you would already have it; tutto sta se si può arrivare in tempo, everything depends on whether we get there in time
    6 ( spettare, toccare) to be up; to be for (s.o.); to be one's turn; sta a lui decidere questa faccenda, it is up to him (o it is his business) to decide this matter; non sta a te giudicare ciò, it is not for you to judge this matter; sta a me fare le carte, it's my turn to deal
    7 ( attenersi): devi stare a quel che ti dicono di fare, you must do as they tell you; io sto al suo consiglio, I follow his advice
    8 (mat.) to be: 20 sta a 40 come 50 sta a 100, 20 is to 40 as 50 is to 100
    9 (al gioco, non volere altre carte) to stick*: sto!, stick!
    10 (seguito dal ger. per indicare la forma progressiva) to be (+ ger.): sto leggendo, I'm reading; il cane sta abbaiando, the dog is barking; stai commettendo un grave errore, you're making a serious mistake; il malato sta migliorando, the patient is improving; stanno chiamando te, they are calling you; stanno bussando alla porta, they're knocking at the door; il tempo sta cambiando, the weather is changing; si sta facendo buio, it's getting dark; ''Che cosa stanno facendo i bambini?'' ''Stanno giocando'', ''What are the children doing?'' ''They're playing''; ''Stai preparando le valigie?'' ''Sì'', ''Are you packing?'' ''Yes, I am''; ''Vi state annoiando?'' ''No, affatto'', ''Are you bored?'' ''Not at all''; stanno costruendo un nuovo centro residenziale, they are building a new residential complex (o a new residential complex is being built); ti stanno aspettando da un pezzo, they've been waiting for you for some time; lo stanno cercando da due giorni, they've been looking for him for two days; gli stanno dando la caccia da mesi, they've been looking for him for months; il telefono stava squillando da qualche minuto, the phone had been ringing for some minutes; stavamo proprio parlando di te, you're the very person we were talking about; il cielo si stava rannuvolando, the sky was clouding over; a quest'ora staranno già dormendo, they'll be asleep by now
    11 stare a (seguito da inf. pres., per indicare la durata di un'azione): siamo stati a parlare per quasi due ore, we (stayed and) talked for nearly two hours // stare a vedere, guardare, (fig.) to wait and see: ora stiamo a vedere come si evolve la situazione, now let's wait and see how the situation develops; sta a vedere che anche oggi non verrà, I bet he won't come today, either
    12 stare per, ( per indicare un futuro immediato o l'imminenza di un'azione) to be going, to be about (+ inf.); to be on the point of (+ ger.): stiamo per cambiare casa, we're going to move (house); il treno sta per arrivare, the train is about to arrive; sto per prendere una decisione importante, I'm about to make an important decision; stai per commettere un errore, you're about to make a mistake; sta per piovere, it's about to rain; credo che stia per nevicare, I think it's going to snow; lo spettacolo sta per iniziare, the show is about to begin // l'estate sta per finire, summer is coming to an end // stava per piangere, she was on the verge of tears; stavo proprio per telefonarti, I was just about to phone you; stavano per partire quando scoppiò il temporale, they were on the point of leaving when the storm broke; stava per essere travolto da un'auto, he was nearly run over; l'anno che sta per iniziare sarà un anno importante per tutti, the year that's about to begin will be an important one for everybody; si avverte la clientela che il negozio sta per chiudere, customers are reminded that the store is about to close
    13 starci, ( essere contenuto) to go*; ( esserci spazio per) to have room for; (fam.) ( acconsentire) to count (s.o.) in: il 2 nel 4 ci sta due volte, 2 goes into 4 two times; in questo cinema ci sta molta gente, there is room for a great many people in this cinema; non ci sta più niente, there is no more room; non riesco a farcene stare di più, I can't get any more in; se volete giocare a carte ci sto, if you want to play cards, count me in; se si presenta come candidato non ci sto, if he's going to be a candidate I won't go along with it // è una ragazza che ci sta, she's an easy girl.
    ◘ starsi, starsene v.intr.pron.
    1 se ne stava solo soletto, he was all alone
    2 ( astenersi) (non com.) to refrain (from doing): se ne stette dal rispondere, he refrained from giving any answer.
    * * *
    ['stare] 1.
    verbo intransitivo (aus. essere)
    1) (rimanere) to stay, to remain

    stare al sole, sotto la pioggia — to stay in the sun, out in the rain

    stare fuori, in casa — to stay out, (at) home

    2) (vivere) to live; (temporanamente) to stay
    4) (essere in una particolare posizione, condizione) to stay, to remain

    stare fermo — to keep o stand still

    stare in piedi — [ persona] to stand up

    stare sdraiato sul divano — to be lying on the sofa; (di salute)

    stare bene, male — to be o feel well, ill

    stai bene? — are you well o all right?

    come stai? — how are you? (economicamente)

    stare bene — to be well off; (andare bene)

    se è pericoloso non mi sta bene — if it's dangerous you can count me out; (convenirsi)

    non sta bene mangiarsi le unghie — it's bad manners to eat one's fingernails; (addirsi)

    il giallo sta bene con il blu — yellow looks pretty against the blue; (trovarsi bene)

    stare bene con qcn. — to be well in with sb

    sta a te, lui fare — it's up to you, him to do

    stare ai fatti — to keep o stick to facts

    la difficoltà sta in questo o qui the difficulty lies there; lo scopo dell'esercizio sta tutto qui — that's the whole point of the exercise

    8) (essere, presentarsi) to be*

    stando così le cose — such o this being the case

    10) (essere contenuto) to fit*
    11) mat.

    stare con qcn. — (avere una relazione) to flirt with sb.; (coabitare) to live with sb.; (essere solidale) to be with sb

    stare per fare — (essere sul punto di) to be about to do

    stare su (con la vita) — to keep one's chin up; (rimanere sveglio) to stay up

    star(e) dietro a qcn. — (seguire) to follow sb. closely; (sorvegliare) to watch sb. closely; (fare la corte) to chase after sb

    lascialo stare — leave him alone, let him be; (smettere di toccare)

    lascia stare quella bici — leave that bike alone; (lasciare perdere)

    lascia stare, pago io — no it's my treat

    lascia stare, è un fastidio troppo grosso — leave it, it's too much trouble

    18) starci (trovar posto) to fit* (in into); colloq. (essere d'accordo)

    d'accordo, ci sto! — OK, I'm game!

    se state organizzando una gita, ci sto! — if you're organizing an outing, count me in! colloq. (concedersi)

    è una che ci sta — she's an easy lay; colloq. (esserci)

    2.
    verbo pronominale starsene

    starsene a letto, a casa — to stay in bed, (at) home

    ••
    * * *
    stare
    /'stare/ [9]
     (aus. essere)
     1 (rimanere) to stay, to remain; stare al sole, sotto la pioggia to stay in the sun, out in the rain; stare fuori, in casa to stay out, (at) home; stare al caldo to keep (oneself) warm; stare via to be away
     2 (vivere) to live; (temporanamente) to stay; stanno sopra un negozio they live above a shop; questo mese sto a casa di un amico this month I'm staying with a friend; andare a stare a Londra to move to London
     3 (trovarsi in un luogo) to be*; i libri stanno sul tavolo the books are on the table
     4 (essere in una particolare posizione, condizione) to stay, to remain; stare fermo to keep o stand still; stai fermo! hold still! stai comodo su quella sedia? are you comfortable in that chair? stare in piedi [ persona] to stand up; stare sdraiato sul divano to be lying on the sofa; (di salute) stare bene, male to be o feel well, ill; stai bene? are you well o all right? come stai? how are you? (economicamente) stare bene to be well off; (andare bene) lunedì ti sta bene? does Monday suit you? se è pericoloso non mi sta bene if it's dangerous you can count me out; (convenirsi) non sta bene mangiarsi le unghie it's bad manners to eat one's fingernails; (addirsi) il quadro starà bene nell'ufficio the picture will look good in the office; sta bene con quel vestito she looks pretty in that dress; mi sta bene? does it suit me? il giallo sta bene con il blu yellow looks pretty against the blue; (trovarsi bene) stare bene con qcn. to be well in with sb.
     5 (spettare) sta a te, lui fare it's up to you, him to do; sta a te scegliere it's your choice; non sta a te dirmi cosa devo fare! you can't tell me what to do!
     6 (attenersi) stare ai fatti to keep o stick to facts; stare ai patti to keep one's side of a bargain; stando a quel che dice if she's to be believed; stando alle apparenze to all outward appearances; stando alle ultime informazioni according to the latest information o intelligence
     7 (consistere) la difficoltà sta in questo o qui the difficulty lies there; lo scopo dell'esercizio sta tutto qui that's the whole point of the exercise
     8 (essere, presentarsi) to be*; stando così le cose such o this being the case; vedere le cose (così) come stanno to see things as they really are
     9 (seguito da gerundio) sto congelando I'm freezing; che stai facendo? what are you doing?
     10 (essere contenuto) to fit*; i libri non stanno nella valigia the books don't fit in the suitcase
     11 mat. 2 sta a 3 come 4 sta a 6 2 is to 3 as 4 is to 6
     12 stare a non stare a pensarci sopra! don't dwell on it! staremo a vedere! we'll see about that! sta a vedere che lo faranno! I bet they'll do it!
     13 stare con stare con qcn. (avere una relazione) to flirt with sb.; (coabitare) to live with sb.; (essere solidale) to be with sb.
     14 stare per stare per fare (essere sul punto di) to be about to do; stavo per telefonarti proprio ora I was just this minute going to phone you; stavo per cadere I nearly fell; sta per nevicare it's going to snow
     15 stare su colloq. (farsi coraggio) stare su (con la vita) to keep one's chin up; (rimanere sveglio) to stay up
     16 star(e) dietro star(e) dietro a qcn. (seguire) to follow sb. closely; (sorvegliare) to watch sb. closely; (fare la corte) to chase after sb.
     17 lasciare stare (non disturbare) lascialo stare leave him alone, let him be; (smettere di toccare) lascia stare quella bici leave that bike alone; (lasciare perdere) lascia stare, pago io no it's my treat; lascia stare, è un fastidio troppo grosso leave it, it's too much trouble
     18 starci (trovar posto) to fit* (in into); colloq. (essere d'accordo) d'accordo, ci sto! OK, I'm game! se state organizzando una gita, ci sto! if you're organizing an outing, count me in! colloq. (concedersi) è una che ci sta she's an easy lay; colloq. (esserci) oggi non ci sto con la testa I'm not really with it today
    II starsene verbo pronominale
     starsene a letto, a casa to stay in bed, (at) home
    stare sulle proprie to keep oneself to oneself.

    Dizionario Italiano-Inglese > stare

  • 14 hear

    [hɪə(r)] 1.
    verbo transitivo (pass., p.pass. heard)
    1) udire, sentire [sound, voice]

    to hear her talk, you'd think (that) — a sentirla parlare, si penserebbe (che)

    we haven't heard the end o last of it non abbiamo ancora sentito tutto; to make oneself o one's voice heard — farsi sentire, fare sentire la propria voce (anche fig.)

    2) (learn) sentire [news, rumour]

    to hear (tell) of sth. — sentir parlare di qcs.

    to hear (it said) that — sentir dire che, venire a sapere che

    have you heard the one about... — (joke) la sai quella di...

    3) (listen to) ascoltare, sentire [lecture, broadcast, record]; [ judge] esaminare [case, evidence]

    to hear what sb. has to say — stare a sentire quello che qcn. ha da dire

    to hear Mass — form. sentire la messa

    2.
    verbo intransitivo (pass., p.pass. heard) sentire
    * * *
    [hiə]
    past tense, past participle - heard; verb
    1) (to (be able to) receive (sounds) by ear: I don't hear very well; Speak louder - I can't hear you; I didn't hear you come in.) sentire
    2) (to listen to for some purpose: A judge hears court cases; Part of a manager's job is to hear workers' complaints.) ascoltare
    3) (to receive information, news etc, not only by ear: I've heard that story before; I hear that you're leaving; `Have you heard from your sister?' `Yes, I got a letter from her today'; I've never heard of him - who is he? This is the first I've heard of the plan.) sentire
    •
    - hearing-aid
    - hearsay
    - hear! hear!
    - I
    - he will
    - would not hear of
    * * *
    [hɪə(r)] 1.
    verbo transitivo (pass., p.pass. heard)
    1) udire, sentire [sound, voice]

    to hear her talk, you'd think (that) — a sentirla parlare, si penserebbe (che)

    we haven't heard the end o last of it non abbiamo ancora sentito tutto; to make oneself o one's voice heard — farsi sentire, fare sentire la propria voce (anche fig.)

    2) (learn) sentire [news, rumour]

    to hear (tell) of sth. — sentir parlare di qcs.

    to hear (it said) that — sentir dire che, venire a sapere che

    have you heard the one about... — (joke) la sai quella di...

    3) (listen to) ascoltare, sentire [lecture, broadcast, record]; [ judge] esaminare [case, evidence]

    to hear what sb. has to say — stare a sentire quello che qcn. ha da dire

    to hear Mass — form. sentire la messa

    2.
    verbo intransitivo (pass., p.pass. heard) sentire

    English-Italian dictionary > hear

  • 15 halten

    halten, I) v. tr. u. v. r.: 1) gefaßt haben: tenere. – jmd. beim Mantel h., pallio alqm tenere: jmd. an od. bei der Hand h., alqm manu tenere; alci manus dare (um ihn zu führen): jmdm. die Hand h. beim Schreiben, scribenti manum od. scribentis digitos tenere; scribentis manum manu super impositā regere (die Hand halten u. führen): beim Unterschreiben, alci manum tenere ad subscribendum: etw. im Munde h., alqd ore od. in ore tenere; alqd ore continere; alqd in ore retinere. – sich an etw. halten, a) eig.: prehendere, apprehendere alqd. – b) uneig.: α) bei etw. bleiben, beharren, tenere alqd (z.B. praeceptum: an den Vertrag gehalten sein, foedere teneri). – sequi alqd (z.B. scriptum: u. alcis sententiam: u. auctorem neminem unum). – stare alqā re (bei etw. stehen bleiben, nicht hinausgehen über etc., z.B. priore foedere). – sich an die Worte h., inhaerere verbis. – β) sich nach etw. richten, sich auf etwas verlassen, sequi alqd.

    [1202] 2) die Bewegung einer Person oder Sache hindern, bes. das Fortschreiten od. Fallen: tenere. sustinere (z.B. ten. furem: u. sust. equum: u. arma vix sustinere posse: u. columnae sustinent templum). – retinere (zurückhalten, z.B. alqm manu: u. retine me [daß ich nicht falle]!). – sublevare (jmd., der nicht gut stehen kann, fallen will, aufrecht zu erhalten suchen, unterstützen; dah. »sich aneinander h.«, subl. invicem). – das Heer im Lager h., exercitum castris continere: eine Stadt (durch Verteidigung) h., urbem retinere defendereque: die Stadt ist nicht zu halten, urbs amittitur. – sich halten, a) eig.: α) von Laufenden, Stürzenden etc.: se sustinere (vgl. »sich aufrecht erhalten« unter »aufrecht«). – sich kaum auf dem Pferde h. können, in equo haerere vix posse. – β) von Bleibenden: sich in der Stadt halten, oppido se continere: sich über dem Wasser h., exstare aquā – b) uneig.: α) nicht verderben etc.: permanere integrum od. diuturnum (unversehrt od. von langer Dauer bleiben, z.B. von Leichen). – servari posse (aufbewahrt werden können, vom Getreide etc.). – vetustatem od. aetatem ferre, auch mit dem Zus. bene (v. Wein). – valere (in Geltung bleiben, z.B. haec fama valebat). – sich nicht halten, vetustatis esse impatientem (vom Wein); evanescere (seine Güte u. Kraft verlieren, z.B. vetustate, v. Obst, Wein u. dgl.); fugere (v. Obst). – sich lange h., diu servari (v. Getreide); tarde putrescere (langsam faul werden, v. Wasser): sich desto länger h., eo diuturniorem fieri (vom Obst etc.): sich haltend, s. haltbar (v. Wein, Obst). – v. Pers., sich gut h. (konservieren), habitu suo manere. – β) standhalten etc.: se sustinere (standhalten, aushalten, auch v. Heere, v. Belagerten). – sich vortrefflich (im Kampfe) h., egregie pugnare: sich gegen den Feind nicht h. können, hostes od. hostium impetum sustinere non posse: sich in einer Stadt h. (v. Belagerten), urbem retineredefendereque: nur mit Mühe hielt man sich (in der belagerten Stadt) an diesem Tage, aegre eo die sustentatum est. – γ) seine Vermögensumstände aufrecht erhalten: stare (z.B. domi [in der Heimat] stare non posse). – sich nicht h. können, vacillare. – δ) sich mäßigen etc.: se tenere; se continere. – ich halte mich kaum, ich kann mich kaum halten, vix me teneo od. contineo: kaum halte ich mich, kaum kann ich mich halten, daß ich nicht etc., vix me teneo, quin etc.; vix me contineo oder me continere possum, quin etc.; vix teneri od. contineri possum, quin etc.; vix temperare mihi possum, quin etc.

    3) einem Gegenstande eine gewisse Richtung geben: die Zügel an sich h., habenas adducere: die Hände in die Höhe h., manus tollere: die Hand über od. vor die Augen h., manum ad oculos opponere: die Hände vor od. an den Mund h., manus ad os apponere (wenn man etwas Heimliches sagen will): die Hand sich vor das Gesicht h., manum sibi ante faciem opponere: den Schild über den Kopf h., scutum super caput efferre: sich rechts h., dextrorsum tenere. – Uneig., sich zu jmd. h., se applicare ad alqm od. ad alcis familiaritatem [1203]( übh. sich an jmd. anschließen; übrig. s. unten no. II, 3, a).

    4) den Zustand gewisser Verhältnisse bestimmen, z.B. jmd. hart, scharf, streng h., alqm severius adhibere od. coërcere. alci diligentius moderari (im allg., es streng mit jmd. nehmen); alqmtristioredisciplinācontinere (jmd. in ernsterer Zucht halten); alqm durius od. dure atque aspere educare (mit Härte u. Strenge erziehen): jmd. gut, schlecht h., bene od. male habere alqm: jmd. vorzüglich lieb u. wert h., alqm imprimis amare carumque habere. – sich gut halten, corpus bene habere (in bezug auf den Körper); commode coli (in bezug auf die Kleidung); bene od. honeste se gerere (in bezug auf das Betragen); sich (in politischer Beziehung) immer so h., daß etc., ita se in re publica tractare, ut etc.: sich in solcher (amtlichen) Stellung so h., daß etc., sie se adhibere in tanta potestate, ut etc.

    5) unterhalten: alere (ernähren, z.B. equos, canes: u. exercitum suis fructibus [auf eigene Kosten]). – pascere (füttern, z.B. servos). – habere (übh. haben, z.B. canes). – Uneig., gute Freundschaft halten, bene amicitiā uti; amicitiam colere.

    6) sich eines Geschäfts entledigen, etw. veranstalten, feiern: habere. – instituere (veranstalten). – agere (begehen, feiern). – celebrare (in zahlreicher Verf ammlung begehen, nie von einzelnen).

    7) beobachten, erfüllen: tenere. – servare. observare (beobachten). – ich pflege es so zu h., ita facere soleo; sie est meus mos: ich habe es vor der Hand so gehalten, interim hunc sum secutus modum.

    8) den u. den Wert legen auf etc.: aestimare, facere, pendĕre, putare, mit einem Genet. des Wertes, wie magni, parvi etc. (hoch, wenig auf jmd. etc.); vgl. »achten no. III, a«. – viel auf Träume h., multum tribuere somniis: etw, auf sich h., minime sui contemptorem esse. – ich halte nichts davon, hoc pro nihilo duco (ich halte es nicht so viel wert); hoc verum esse nego (ich zweifle an der Wahrheit der Sache). – von jeher viel auf gute Gewehre gehalten haben, semper bonorum ferramentorum studiosum fuisse.

    9) halten für etwas, d.i. meinen, daß etw. so u. so sei: habere. – ducere. putare. ponere. numerare (rechnen, anrechnen, setzen, zählen). – arbitrari (in seiner Meinung sich vorstellen). – iudicare (als Folge eines auf Kenntnis gegründeten Urteils meinen). – existimare (nach Abschätzung der Gründe für u. gegen meinen). – gehalten werden für etc., s. »gelten für etc.« unter »gelten no. II, A, b« (S. 1052). – jmd. für seinen Feind h., habere alqm hostem (sofern er es wirklich ist); habere alqm pro hoste od. in hostium numero (sofern man ihn dafür ansieht, als solchen behandelt): jmd. od. etwas für eine Gottheit h., habere alqm deum;alqm deum esse putare: numerare alqd (z.B. caelum) deum: wofür würdest du mich h. müssen, wenn ich etc.? quem tu me hominem putares, si etc.?: wofür hältst du mich? quis od. qualis tibi videor?: Apollo hielt den Sokrates für den weisesten Menschen, Socratem Apollo sapientissimum iudicavit: etw. [1204] für eine Wohltat h., ponere alqd in beneficio: für ein Übel h., ponere od. ducere alqd in malis: etw. für eine Schande h., ignominiae loco ferre alqd: sich der Freiheit würdig h., se libertate dignum censere: etwas für ehrenvoll, löblich, rühmlich h., alqd honori habere od. ducere; alqd in laude ponere od. laudi ducere; alqd in gloria ducere od. ponere: etw. für ein Glück h., boni consulere alqd: ich halte es für gut, zu od. daß etc., mihi videtur, mihi placet mit folg. Infin. od. (wenn etw. geschehen soll) m. folg. ut u. Konj. (es beliebt mir); puto m. Akk. u. Infin. (ich glaube etw. tun zu müssen etc., z.B. haec ad te scribenda putavi); censeo mit Akk. u. Infin. od. mit ut od. ne u. Konj. (ich bin der unmaßgeblichen Meinung, daß etc.) – was sie für gut (nützlich) hielten, machten sie dem Volke bekannt, quae ex usu esse iudicaverunt, multitudini produnt: etw. für gewiß h., habere od. ponere pro certo; credere pro certo (gewiß glauben).

    10) in sich fassen, betragen etc.: continere (in sich enthalten). – capere (in sich fassen, von Gefäßen als Maß etc., z.B. amphora XX heminas continet od. capit). – efficere (ausmachen, z.B. sescenti viginti quinque pedes efficiunt stadium). – patēre (eine Ausdehnung haben, z.B. castra amplius milibus passuum VIII in latitudinem patebant).

    II) v. intr.: 1) fest-, dauerhaft sein: contineri (zusammengehalten werden. festhalten, z.B. von einem Damme). – firmum esse (fest, dauerhaft sein, äußern Eindrücken widerstehen, z.B. von einer Tür). Vgl. oben »no. I, 2 sich halten no. b, α (= nicht verderben)«.

    2) stehen bleiben, anhalten, Halt machen (haltmachen): subsistere. consistere (auch auf dem Marsche). – sistere gradum (seinen Schritt hemmen). – sistere iter (den Marsch hemmen, bei einem Orte, ad alqm locum, v. Heere). – signa consistere iubere. signa od. agmen constituere (das Heer Halt machen lassen, v. Feldherrn). – currum od. equos sustinere (den Wagen od. die Pferde anhalten). – auf der Reise h., in via subsidĕre.

    3) mit Präpositionen: a) es mit jmd. oder etwas halten = auf seiner Seite, Partei sein: stare od. facere ab od. cum alqo. esse cumalqo. – sentire cum od. ab od. pro alqo u. pro alcis causa. consentire cum alqo (gleiche Gesinnung mit jmd. haben, für jmd. Partei nehmen); verb. stare ac sentire cum alqo. – alcis causā velle (jmds. Sache begünstigen). – alcis esse studiosum. alci favere (jmd. oder eine Partei, Kaste begünstigen, z.B. den Adel). – ich halte es mit denen, die etc., res mihi est cum iis, qui etc.: es mit keiner Partei h., neutrius partis esse (neutral sein, s. d.). – b) auf jmd. od. etwas halten, α) auf jmd. = es auf jmd. absehen: petere alqm (sowohl beim Schießen als mit Worten etc.). – β) auf etwas = das Geschoß auf etw. richten: destinare alqd. – übtr., s. sehen (auf etw.). – c) fest an etwas halten = auf etwas bestehen: alqd retinere: fest an dem königlichen Titel h., regium nomen omnivi amplecti. – d) an sich halten = sich mäßigen: se continere od. bl. contineri, bei etwas, in alqa re (im [1205] allg.). – continere dicta, bei jmd., in alqo (seine Worte mäßigen). – temperare linguae (seine Zunge mäßigen). – temperare manibus (sich in Tätlichkeiten mäßigen). – se revocare (sich gleichs. zurückrufen, vom Zuweitgehen in einer Leidenschaft). – continere iracundiam. temperare irae (sich in seinem Zorne mäßigen). – e) wohin halten, d.i. segeln: tenere alqm locum; cursum tenere alqo.

    deutsch-lateinisches > halten

  • 16 sto [1]

    1. sto, stetī, statum, stātūrus, āre (Stamm sta, wie in εστη-κα, εστάναι, ahd. stân), stehen, I) im Ggstz. zum Sitzen usw., im weiteren Sinne = stehend verweilen, sich aufhalten, sich befinden, A) eig.: 1) im allg.: a) v. leb. Wesen: stant ambo, non sedent, Plaut.: cum virgo staret et Caecilia in sella sederet, Cic.: stans ac rectus homo (Ggstz. humilis et ad terram more quadrupedum abiectus), Liv.: stantes (im Stehen, sich erhoben habend) plaudebant, Cic. (vgl. stantia in plausum tota theatra, Prop.): Minerva, quae est in Parthenone stans (in stehender Stellung), Plin.: stando (im Stehen) mingens, Amm.: cui standi (sich auf den Füßen zu erhalten) vulnera vires non dederant, Ov.: stans pede in uno, Hor.: stante alqo, in jmds. Gegenwart, Cic. u. Tac.: me stante, Cic.: stantibus legatis, in Gegenwart d.G., Liv. – ad ianuam, ad curiam, Cic.: ad fores, Curt.: ante aedes, Plaut.: post aulaea, Curt.: in atriis, Plaut.: in conspectu exercitus, Curt.: cum gladiis in conspectu senatus, Cic.: circum senatum (v. Bürgern usw.), Cic.: propter in occulto, Cic.: stat super (oben darauf, auf dem Wagen), Ov.: hic foris, Plaut.: hinc procul, Ter.: qui proximi steterant, Caes. – Pass. impers., quid agitur? statur! Plaut. u. Ter. – b) v. lebl. Subjj.: stabat in his (lucis) ingens quercus, Ov.: in cava nullus stet tibi nare pilus, Ov.: stant saxa antro, Ov.: stramenta stantia in segete relinquit, ut postea subsecentur, Varro. – v. Altären u. Bildsäulen, stabant sine ignibus arae, Ov.: quorum statuae steterunt in rostris, Cic.: signa stant ad impluvium, Cic.: stabat commune sepulcrum, Hor.: aëneus (als eherne Bildsäule) ut stes, Hor.: levi de marmore tota stabis, wirst dastehen (als Bildsäule) aus M., Verg. – v. Webstuhle und dem Gewebe, aufrecht stehend, stans tela, Ov. met. 4, 275: stantes telae, Ov. fast. 3, 819.

    2) insbes.: a) als milit. t.t. – stehen, aufgestellt sein, laxius, Curt.: in ulteriore ripa, Curt.: ante signa, Curt.: pro porta (v. Posten), Liv.: extra teli iactum, Liv.: sub armis, Auct. b. Afr.: in acie, Auct. b. Hisp.: haud impari acie, Liv.: pars aciei stetit sub hoste (tiefer als der F.), Auct. b. Afr.: quotā parte virium suarum ibi dimicavit Antiochus? In Asia totius Asiae steterunt vires, Liv.: stetimus tela aspera contra contulimusque manus, Verg.: Bactriani armati stabant, Curt.: Eumenes rex Attalusque cum omni manu sua ab tergo inter postremam aciem ac vallum steterunt, Liv. – b) v. Dienern, dastehen, aufwarten, pueri eximiā facie stabant, C. Gracch. fr.: sto exspectans, si quid mihi imperent, Ter.: ad cyathum et vinum, Suet.: ad pedes, Suet. – c) v. Buhldirnen = prostare, feilstehen, meritoria (sc. scorta) intra urbem stare vetuit, Vopisc. Tac. 10, 2: stat meretrix certo cuivis mercabilis aere, Ov. am. 1, 10, 21: olente in fornice stans, Hor. sat. 1, 2, 30: quod steterat multis in carcere fornicis annis, Iuven. 10, 239; vgl. 11, 172. – d) von Gebäuden = fertig dastehen, erbaut sein, iam stabant Thebae, Ov.: stet Capitolium fulgens, Hor.: aedificant muros. Stabat opus, Ov.: iam stare ratem, Val. Flacc. – e) v. Schiffen u. Schiffern, wo liegen, vor Anker liegen, stant litore puppes, Verg.: lembi, qui in Strymone stabant, Liv.: stabat classis in salo ad Leptim, Auct. b. Afr.: classe divisā pars in salo ad ostium portus in ancoris stetit, Liv.: intra sexagesimum diem quam caesa silva erat centum sexaginta navium classis in ancoris stetit, Flor.: nox ea, quā propter vim tempestatis stare ad ancoram in salo Romana classis non posset, Liv. – f) starrend stehen, emporstehen, -starren, -ragen, steteruntque comae, Verg. u. Ov.: crines fulti pulvere, Stat.: saetae, cristae, Ov.: stant mammae, Plin. – g) mit Abl. = von etwas starren, strotzen, vollstehen, -sein, cupressi stant rectis foliis, Enn. fr.: stat ager sentibus, Caecil. com. fr.: stat nive candidum Soracte, Hor.: pulvere caelum stare, Verg.: stant lumina flammā, Verg.

    B) bildl.: 1) im allg.: in fastigio eloquentiae, Quint.: ante oculos stat ille meos, Ov.: pericula stant circum alqm, Verg.

    2) auf jmds. Seite stehen, -sein, ihm anhangen, beistehen, od. das Gegenteil, gegen jmd. stehen, jmds. Gegner sein, a) mit ab u. Abl.: stare a se potius quam ab adversariis, Cic.: ab iis stare, Nep.: a senatu et a bonorum causa stare, Cic. – b) mit cum u. Abl.: vobiscum me stetisse dicebat, Cic.: quae (pars) cum Romanis stabat, Liv.: cum di prope cum Hannibale starent, Liv.: capita nominis Latini stare ac sentire cum rege videbant, Liv.: übtr., fortuna cum barbaris stabat, Liv.: victoria stat tecum, Ov. – c) m. pro u. Abl.: pro nobis, Ov.: pro Iuba atque Afris, Quint.: pro Pompei partibus, id est pro re publica, Vell.: pro meliore causa, Curt.: pro isdem partibus, Sen.: ruina partium, pro quibus steterat, Liv. fr.: stabat pro templo, für den T. (als Schützer), er war der Tempelhüter, Verg.: übtr., si pro mea patria ista virtus staret, Liv.: ni pro iure gentium stetisset fortuna, Liv.: stabat pro partibus invicta fortuna, Flor.: stabit pro signis iusque piumque tuis, Ov. – d) m. in u. Abl.: Graeci, qui in Darei partibus steterant, Curt. 3, 11 (28), 18. – e) mit in od. contra od. adversus u. Akk., gew. im Ggstz. zu ab, cum, pro u. Abl.: nec steterunt in te virque paterque meus, Ov.: quod adversus populi commoda in senectute steterat, sich dem V. des V. widersetzt hatte, Nep.: cum saepe a mendacio contra verum stare homines consuescerent, Cic.: qui nobiscum adversus barbaros steterunt, Nep.: Ligarium non pro Cn. Pompeio, sed pro Iuba et Afris inimicissimis populo Romano stetisse, Quint.: Mulciber in Troiam, pro Troia stabat Apollo, Ov.: mox simulatione contra Pompeium et Caesarem, animo pro Caesare stetit, Vell.: quemadmodum Antiochi Philippique bello pro vobis adversus reges, sic nunc pro rege adversus vos stetimus, Liv.: cum quo ferocissime pro Romana societate adversus Punicum foedus steterat, Liv. – f) mit Advv.: hinc stas, illim causam dicis, Plaut. Men. 799: ut, unde stetisset, eo se victoria transferret, Iustin. 5, 4, 12: prope incondita Thurinorum turba nec satis fido animo, unde pugnabat, stans, Liv. 25, 15, 13: unde ius stabat, ei (populo) victoriam dedit (eventus belli), Liv. 21, 10, 9: aliunde stet semper, aliunde sentiat, Liv. 24, 45, 3.

    3) auf jmd. od. etwas beruhen, m. in u. Abl. od. m. bl. Abl., omnis in Ascanio cari stat cura parentis, Verg.: stat salus in armis, Val. Flacc.: vigili stant bella magistro, Sil.

    4) wie unser zu stehen kommen = kosten, centum talentis, Liv.: magno pretio, Hor.: alci gratis, Cic. Verr. 5, 48 (s. Zumpt z. St.). – übtr., multo sanguine ac vulneribus ea Poenis victoria stetit, Liv.: damnavit multo staturum sanguine Martem, Mart.: sanguine quippe, si renuat, blando nimium facilique marito statura obsequia, Sil.: nulla pestis humano generi pluris stetit, Sen.: tunc res immenso placuit statura labore, Lucan.: haud scio an magno detrimento certamen staturum fuerit, Liv.: periculum vitae meae tuo stat periculo, wird erkauft, ist zu haben für usw., Plaut.: Herculeo stabunt (logi ridiculi) prandio, cenā tibi, Plaut.

    II) prägn.: A) eig.: 1) im Ggstz. zur Bewegung = stillstehen, -halten, still-, unbeweglich dastehen, sich nicht rühren, a) eig.: α) v. leb. Wesen, si iste ibit, ito: stabit, astato simul, Plaut.: sed abi intro, noli stare, Plaut.: quid stas lapis? Ter. – equus stare nescit, Verg.: ut taurus vaccā ademptā stare nequit, ruhen und rasten, Ov. – β) v. lebl. Subjj., wie v. Schiffen, videsne navem illam? stare nobis videtur, at iis qui in navi sunt moveri haec villa, Cic. Acad. 2, 81: stetit aequore puppis, Ov.: mea si staret navis in Oceano, still läge, Prop. – von Himmelskörpern, statim stant signa, Plaut. – von Gewässern und anderen Flüssigkeiten, stant aquae, Ov.: placidum ventis stat mare, Verg.: stantia freta, Ov.: stat et fracto dolio vinum, Sen.: gelidus in venis stetit haesitque sanguis, Sen. poët.: cuius ex levi tactu stabant profluvia sanguinis, Arnob. – vom Eis, stat glacies iners, Hor. – b) übtr., von der Zeit – gleichs. stillstehen, verweilen, non segnis stat remeatve dies, Tibull.: veluti stet volucris dies, Hor.

    2) mit dem Nbbegr. der Festigkeit, a) als milit. t.t. – α) stehen, festen Fuß fassen, standhalten, in gradu (auf der Mensur), Cic.: qui (miles) steterit (Ggstz. abiecto scuto fugiat), Cic.: in acie stare ac pugnare (Ggstz. in castra refugere), Liv.: verb. comminus stare et impetum sustinere, Caes.: contra leonem etiam stetit, Spart. – β) übtr., v. Kampfe selbst – stehen, auf einer Stelle haften, schweben, anceps dicitur certamen stetisse, soll ohne allen Ausschlag gestanden haben, Liv.: ibi aliquamdiu atrox pugna stetit, Liv.: diu pugna neutro inclinata stetit, Liv. – b) von Felsen, Gebäuden = fest, unerschütterlich stehen, dauern (vgl. Drak. Liv. 31, 31, 15), quam si dura silex aut stet Marpesia cautes, Verg.: nec domus ulla nec urbs stare poterit, Cic.: stantibus Hierosolymis, Cic.: muros stare, Liv.: stantia moenia (Ggstz. ruinae muri), Liv.: aedes sacrae stantes (Ggstz. aedium sacrarum ruinae), Sen. – c) v. Geschossen, fest stecken bleiben, haften, missum stetit inguine ferrum, Ov.: hasta stetit medio tergo, Ov.: ossa inter ferreus ad costas alto stat vulnere mucro, Verg.

    B) bildl.: 1) im allg., stillstehen, stehenbleiben, utinam res publica stetisset quo coeperat statu, Cic. de off. 2, 3: nihil quo stat loco stabit, omnia sternet abducetque secum vetustas, Sen. ad Marc. 26, 6.

    2) stare per alqm, durch jmds. Schuld gleichs. hangen bleiben = an jmd. hangen, liegen, jmds. Schuld sein, per me stetisse, Ter.: non per me stetit, Quint. – oft stat od. non (nihil) stat per alqm m. folg. quo minus u. Konj., Caes., Liv. u.a., od. stat per alqm m. folg. quin od. ne u. Konj., Liv., Suet. u.a. (vgl. Drak. Liv. 8, 2, 2. M. Müller Liv. 2, 31, 11. Ruperti Tac. dial. 21 extr.): u. per alqm stat m. folg. ut u. Konj., Plin. ep. 10, 6 (22), 2. Ps. Quint. decl. 250: per alqm non stat m. folg. Infin., Scaevol. dig. 32, 1, 38. § 6.

    3) mit dem Nbbegr. der Festigkeit u. Dauer = a) fest-, unerschüttert stehen, sich halten, sich behaupten, bestehen, verbleiben, Bestand haben (Ggstz. titubare, corruere, concĭdere), si stare non possunt, corruant, wenn sie sich nicht halten, sich nicht (bei ihren Vermögensumständen) behaupten können, so mögen sie fallen (bankrott werden), Cic.: qui me stante (solange ich mich in meiner Würde behauptete) stare non poterant, Cic.: per quos homines ordinesque steterim, Cic.: dum stabat regno incolumis, Verg.: stamus animis, sind festen Mutes, Cic.: stas animo, Hor.: quae si valuissent, res publica staret, tu tuis flagitiis concĭdisses, Cic.: res publica stat virtute suā, Liv.: regnum eorum novum fraternā stare concordiā, Liv.: tutelā muliebri res Latina et regnum avitum puero stetit, verblieb dem Kn., Liv.: stat nulla mortalibus umquam, fortunā titubante, fides, Sil.: nullo enim modo posse video stare istum (Caesarem) diutius, quin ipse per se etiam languentibus nobis concĭdat, Cic. ad Att. 10, 8, 6. – b) bei etw. festbleiben, α) = beharren, verharren, ihm nachkommen, an etw. sich halten bei etw. es bewenden lassen, m. in u. Abl., in fide, Cic.: in sententia, Liv.: stare oportet in eo, quod sit iudicatum, Cic. – m. bl. Abl., stant sententiā, Plaut.: suis stare iudiciis, Cic.: censoris opinione, Cic.: alcis iudicio, Cic.: alcis decreto, Caes.: illis promissis, Cic.: pacto, Liv.: ut palam in senatu diceret, staturus eo esset, quod censuissent, an ad populum laturus, Liv.: impers., eo stabitur consilio, Liv.: statur priore foedere, Liv. – mit Dat., arbitri sententiae, voluntati patris defuncti, ICt.: rei iudicatae, ICt. – β) übtr., feststehen = festgesetzt-, fest bestimmt-, fest beschlossen sein, stat sua cuique dies, Verg.: tempus agendae rei nondum stare, Liv.: u. so stat sententia, Ter.: stat pensata diu belli sententia, vincam servare invitos, Sil. – dah. stat alci sententia m. folg. Infin. = es steht bei jmd. der Entschluß-, der Wille fest, es ist bei jmd. fest beschlossen, zu usw., Liv.: so auch stat pectore fixum mit folg. Infin., Val. Flacc.: u. stat alci od. bl. stat mit folg. Infin., Cic. u.a. – c) v. Schauspielern u. Schauspielen, stehen = sich auf der Bühne halten, gefallen (Ggstz. cadere, exigi), in his, quas primum Caecilii didici novas, partim sum earum exactus, partim vix steti, Ter.: illi, scripta quibus comoedia prisca viris est, hoc stabant, Hor. – cum stetit olim nova (fabula), actoris operā magis stetisse quam suā, Ter.: securus, cadat an recto stet fabula talo, Hor. – / Perf. stĕtĕrunt gemessen, Verg. Aen. 2, 774; 3, 48. Prop. 2, 8, 10 M. Ov. her. 7, 166. – Das Supinum statum will Prisc. 9, 38 mit langem a, dagegen 10, 27 mit kurzem a gemessen haben; stātūrus mißt Lucan. 2, 566 u. 719; 3, 381. Sil. 17, 82. Mart. 6, 32, 3. – vulg. Nbf. isto, wov. istat, Augustin. serm. 118, 4 Mai: istamus, Itala (Fuld.) Roman. 5, 2: istatis, Itala (psalt. Veron.) psalm. 133, 1: ista, Itala (Fuld.) Iacob. 2, 3: istare, Isid. de nat. rer. 44, 2 cod. Bamb. A.

    lateinisch-deutsches > sto [1]

  • 17 sto

    1. sto, stetī, statum, stātūrus, āre (Stamm sta, wie in εστη-κα, εστάναι, ahd. stân), stehen, I) im Ggstz. zum Sitzen usw., im weiteren Sinne = stehend verweilen, sich aufhalten, sich befinden, A) eig.: 1) im allg.: a) v. leb. Wesen: stant ambo, non sedent, Plaut.: cum virgo staret et Caecilia in sella sederet, Cic.: stans ac rectus homo (Ggstz. humilis et ad terram more quadrupedum abiectus), Liv.: stantes (im Stehen, sich erhoben habend) plaudebant, Cic. (vgl. stantia in plausum tota theatra, Prop.): Minerva, quae est in Parthenone stans (in stehender Stellung), Plin.: stando (im Stehen) mingens, Amm.: cui standi (sich auf den Füßen zu erhalten) vulnera vires non dederant, Ov.: stans pede in uno, Hor.: stante alqo, in jmds. Gegenwart, Cic. u. Tac.: me stante, Cic.: stantibus legatis, in Gegenwart d.G., Liv. – ad ianuam, ad curiam, Cic.: ad fores, Curt.: ante aedes, Plaut.: post aulaea, Curt.: in atriis, Plaut.: in conspectu exercitus, Curt.: cum gladiis in conspectu senatus, Cic.: circum senatum (v. Bürgern usw.), Cic.: propter in occulto, Cic.: stat super (oben darauf, auf dem Wagen), Ov.: hic foris, Plaut.: hinc procul, Ter.: qui proximi steterant, Caes. – Pass. impers., quid agitur? statur! Plaut. u. Ter. – b) v. lebl. Subjj.: stabat in his (lucis) ingens quercus, Ov.: in cava nullus stet tibi nare pilus, Ov.: stant saxa antro, Ov.: stramenta stantia in segete re-
    ————
    linquit, ut postea subsecentur, Varro. – v. Altären u. Bildsäulen, stabant sine ignibus arae, Ov.: quorum statuae steterunt in rostris, Cic.: signa stant ad impluvium, Cic.: stabat commune sepulcrum, Hor.: aëneus (als eherne Bildsäule) ut stes, Hor.: levi de marmore tota stabis, wirst dastehen (als Bildsäule) aus M., Verg. – v. Webstuhle und dem Gewebe, aufrecht stehend, stans tela, Ov. met. 4, 275: stantes telae, Ov. fast. 3, 819.
    2) insbes.: a) als milit. t.t. – stehen, aufgestellt sein, laxius, Curt.: in ulteriore ripa, Curt.: ante signa, Curt.: pro porta (v. Posten), Liv.: extra teli iactum, Liv.: sub armis, Auct. b. Afr.: in acie, Auct. b. Hisp.: haud impari acie, Liv.: pars aciei stetit sub hoste (tiefer als der F.), Auct. b. Afr.: quotā parte virium suarum ibi dimicavit Antiochus? In Asia totius Asiae steterunt vires, Liv.: stetimus tela aspera contra contulimusque manus, Verg.: Bactriani armati stabant, Curt.: Eumenes rex Attalusque cum omni manu sua ab tergo inter postremam aciem ac vallum steterunt, Liv. – b) v. Dienern, dastehen, aufwarten, pueri eximiā facie stabant, C. Gracch. fr.: sto exspectans, si quid mihi imperent, Ter.: ad cyathum et vinum, Suet.: ad pedes, Suet. – c) v. Buhldirnen = prostare, feilstehen, meritoria (sc. scorta) intra urbem stare vetuit, Vopisc. Tac. 10, 2: stat meretrix certo cuivis mercabilis aere, Ov. am. 1, 10, 21: olente in fornice stans,
    ————
    Hor. sat. 1, 2, 30: quod steterat multis in carcere fornicis annis, Iuven. 10, 239; vgl. 11, 172. – d) von Gebäuden = fertig dastehen, erbaut sein, iam stabant Thebae, Ov.: stet Capitolium fulgens, Hor.: aedificant muros. Stabat opus, Ov.: iam stare ratem, Val. Flacc. – e) v. Schiffen u. Schiffern, wo liegen, vor Anker liegen, stant litore puppes, Verg.: lembi, qui in Strymone stabant, Liv.: stabat classis in salo ad Leptim, Auct. b. Afr.: classe divisā pars in salo ad ostium portus in ancoris stetit, Liv.: intra sexagesimum diem quam caesa silva erat centum sexaginta navium classis in ancoris stetit, Flor.: nox ea, quā propter vim tempestatis stare ad ancoram in salo Romana classis non posset, Liv. – f) starrend stehen, emporstehen, -starren, -ragen, steteruntque comae, Verg. u. Ov.: crines fulti pulvere, Stat.: saetae, cristae, Ov.: stant mammae, Plin. – g) mit Abl. = von etwas starren, strotzen, vollstehen, -sein, cupressi stant rectis foliis, Enn. fr.: stat ager sentibus, Caecil. com. fr.: stat nive candidum Soracte, Hor.: pulvere caelum stare, Verg.: stant lumina flammā, Verg.
    B) bildl.: 1) im allg.: in fastigio eloquentiae, Quint.: ante oculos stat ille meos, Ov.: pericula stant circum alqm, Verg.
    2) auf jmds. Seite stehen, -sein, ihm anhangen, beistehen, od. das Gegenteil, gegen jmd. stehen, jmds. Gegner sein, a) mit ab u. Abl.: stare a se potius
    ————
    quam ab adversariis, Cic.: ab iis stare, Nep.: a senatu et a bonorum causa stare, Cic. – b) mit cum u. Abl.: vobiscum me stetisse dicebat, Cic.: quae (pars) cum Romanis stabat, Liv.: cum di prope cum Hannibale starent, Liv.: capita nominis Latini stare ac sentire cum rege videbant, Liv.: übtr., fortuna cum barbaris stabat, Liv.: victoria stat tecum, Ov. – c) m. pro u. Abl.: pro nobis, Ov.: pro Iuba atque Afris, Quint.: pro Pompei partibus, id est pro re publica, Vell.: pro meliore causa, Curt.: pro isdem partibus, Sen.: ruina partium, pro quibus steterat, Liv. fr.: stabat pro templo, für den T. (als Schützer), er war der Tempelhüter, Verg.: übtr., si pro mea patria ista virtus staret, Liv.: ni pro iure gentium stetisset fortuna, Liv.: stabat pro partibus invicta fortuna, Flor.: stabit pro signis iusque piumque tuis, Ov. – d) m. in u. Abl.: Graeci, qui in Darei partibus steterant, Curt. 3, 11 (28), 18. – e) mit in od. contra od. adversus u. Akk., gew. im Ggstz. zu ab, cum, pro u. Abl.: nec steterunt in te virque paterque meus, Ov.: quod adversus populi commoda in senectute steterat, sich dem V. des V. widersetzt hatte, Nep.: cum saepe a mendacio contra verum stare homines consuescerent, Cic.: qui nobiscum adversus barbaros steterunt, Nep.: Ligarium non pro Cn. Pompeio, sed pro Iuba et Afris inimicissimis populo Romano stetisse, Quint.: Mulciber in Troiam, pro Troia stabat Apollo, Ov.: mox simulatione contra Pompeium et
    ————
    Caesarem, animo pro Caesare stetit, Vell.: quemadmodum Antiochi Philippique bello pro vobis adversus reges, sic nunc pro rege adversus vos stetimus, Liv.: cum quo ferocissime pro Romana societate adversus Punicum foedus steterat, Liv. – f) mit Advv.: hinc stas, illim causam dicis, Plaut. Men. 799: ut, unde stetisset, eo se victoria transferret, Iustin. 5, 4, 12: prope incondita Thurinorum turba nec satis fido animo, unde pugnabat, stans, Liv. 25, 15, 13: unde ius stabat, ei (populo) victoriam dedit (eventus belli), Liv. 21, 10, 9: aliunde stet semper, aliunde sentiat, Liv. 24, 45, 3.
    3) auf jmd. od. etwas beruhen, m. in u. Abl. od. m. bl. Abl., omnis in Ascanio cari stat cura parentis, Verg.: stat salus in armis, Val. Flacc.: vigili stant bella magistro, Sil.
    4) wie unser zu stehen kommen = kosten, centum talentis, Liv.: magno pretio, Hor.: alci gratis, Cic. Verr. 5, 48 (s. Zumpt z. St.). – übtr., multo sanguine ac vulneribus ea Poenis victoria stetit, Liv.: damnavit multo staturum sanguine Martem, Mart.: sanguine quippe, si renuat, blando nimium facilique marito statura obsequia, Sil.: nulla pestis humano generi pluris stetit, Sen.: tunc res immenso placuit statura labore, Lucan.: haud scio an magno detrimento certamen staturum fuerit, Liv.: periculum vitae meae tuo stat periculo, wird erkauft, ist zu haben für usw., Plaut.: Her-
    ————
    culeo stabunt (logi ridiculi) prandio, cenā tibi, Plaut.
    II) prägn.: A) eig.: 1) im Ggstz. zur Bewegung = stillstehen, -halten, still-, unbeweglich dastehen, sich nicht rühren, a) eig.: α) v. leb. Wesen, si iste ibit, ito: stabit, astato simul, Plaut.: sed abi intro, noli stare, Plaut.: quid stas lapis? Ter. – equus stare nescit, Verg.: ut taurus vaccā ademptā stare nequit, ruhen und rasten, Ov. – β) v. lebl. Subjj., wie v. Schiffen, videsne navem illam? stare nobis videtur, at iis qui in navi sunt moveri haec villa, Cic. Acad. 2, 81: stetit aequore puppis, Ov.: mea si staret navis in Oceano, still läge, Prop. – von Himmelskörpern, statim stant signa, Plaut. – von Gewässern und anderen Flüssigkeiten, stant aquae, Ov.: placidum ventis stat mare, Verg.: stantia freta, Ov.: stat et fracto dolio vinum, Sen.: gelidus in venis stetit haesitque sanguis, Sen. poët.: cuius ex levi tactu stabant profluvia sanguinis, Arnob. – vom Eis, stat glacies iners, Hor. – b) übtr., von der Zeit – gleichs. stillstehen, verweilen, non segnis stat remeatve dies, Tibull.: veluti stet volucris dies, Hor.
    2) mit dem Nbbegr. der Festigkeit, a) als milit. t.t. – α) stehen, festen Fuß fassen, standhalten, in gradu (auf der Mensur), Cic.: qui (miles) steterit (Ggstz. abiecto scuto fugiat), Cic.: in acie stare ac pugnare (Ggstz. in castra refugere), Liv.: verb. comminus stare et impetum sustinere, Caes.: contra leonem
    ————
    etiam stetit, Spart. – β) übtr., v. Kampfe selbst – stehen, auf einer Stelle haften, schweben, anceps dicitur certamen stetisse, soll ohne allen Ausschlag gestanden haben, Liv.: ibi aliquamdiu atrox pugna stetit, Liv.: diu pugna neutro inclinata stetit, Liv. – b) von Felsen, Gebäuden = fest, unerschütterlich stehen, dauern (vgl. Drak. Liv. 31, 31, 15), quam si dura silex aut stet Marpesia cautes, Verg.: nec domus ulla nec urbs stare poterit, Cic.: stantibus Hierosolymis, Cic.: muros stare, Liv.: stantia moenia (Ggstz. ruinae muri), Liv.: aedes sacrae stantes (Ggstz. aedium sacrarum ruinae), Sen. – c) v. Geschossen, fest stecken bleiben, haften, missum stetit inguine ferrum, Ov.: hasta stetit medio tergo, Ov.: ossa inter ferreus ad costas alto stat vulnere mucro, Verg.
    B) bildl.: 1) im allg., stillstehen, stehenbleiben, utinam res publica stetisset quo coeperat statu, Cic. de off. 2, 3: nihil quo stat loco stabit, omnia sternet abducetque secum vetustas, Sen. ad Marc. 26, 6.
    2) stare per alqm, durch jmds. Schuld gleichs. hangen bleiben = an jmd. hangen, liegen, jmds. Schuld sein, per me stetisse, Ter.: non per me stetit, Quint. – oft stat od. non (nihil) stat per alqm m. folg. quo minus u. Konj., Caes., Liv. u.a., od. stat per alqm m. folg. quin od. ne u. Konj., Liv., Suet. u.a. (vgl. Drak. Liv. 8, 2, 2. M. Müller Liv. 2, 31, 11. Ruperti Tac. dial. 21 extr.): u. per alqm stat m. folg. ut
    ————
    u. Konj., Plin. ep. 10, 6 (22), 2. Ps. Quint. decl. 250: per alqm non stat m. folg. Infin., Scaevol. dig. 32, 1, 38. § 6.
    3) mit dem Nbbegr. der Festigkeit u. Dauer = a) fest-, unerschüttert stehen, sich halten, sich behaupten, bestehen, verbleiben, Bestand haben (Ggstz. titubare, corruere, concĭdere), si stare non possunt, corruant, wenn sie sich nicht halten, sich nicht (bei ihren Vermögensumständen) behaupten können, so mögen sie fallen (bankrott werden), Cic.: qui me stante (solange ich mich in meiner Würde behauptete) stare non poterant, Cic.: per quos homines ordinesque steterim, Cic.: dum stabat regno incolumis, Verg.: stamus animis, sind festen Mutes, Cic.: stas animo, Hor.: quae si valuissent, res publica staret, tu tuis flagitiis concĭdisses, Cic.: res publica stat virtute suā, Liv.: regnum eorum novum fraternā stare concordiā, Liv.: tutelā muliebri res Latina et regnum avitum puero stetit, verblieb dem Kn., Liv.: stat nulla mortalibus umquam, fortunā titubante, fides, Sil.: nullo enim modo posse video stare istum (Caesarem) diutius, quin ipse per se etiam languentibus nobis concĭdat, Cic. ad Att. 10, 8, 6. – b) bei etw. festbleiben, α) = beharren, verharren, ihm nachkommen, an etw. sich halten bei etw. es bewenden lassen, m. in u. Abl., in fide, Cic.: in sententia, Liv.: stare oportet in eo, quod sit iudicatum, Cic. – m. bl. Abl., stant
    ————
    sententiā, Plaut.: suis stare iudiciis, Cic.: censoris opinione, Cic.: alcis iudicio, Cic.: alcis decreto, Caes.: illis promissis, Cic.: pacto, Liv.: ut palam in senatu diceret, staturus eo esset, quod censuissent, an ad populum laturus, Liv.: impers., eo stabitur consilio, Liv.: statur priore foedere, Liv. – mit Dat., arbitri sententiae, voluntati patris defuncti, ICt.: rei iudicatae, ICt. – β) übtr., feststehen = festgesetzt-, fest bestimmt-, fest beschlossen sein, stat sua cuique dies, Verg.: tempus agendae rei nondum stare, Liv.: u. so stat sententia, Ter.: stat pensata diu belli sententia, vincam servare invitos, Sil. – dah. stat alci sententia m. folg. Infin. = es steht bei jmd. der Entschluß-, der Wille fest, es ist bei jmd. fest beschlossen, zu usw., Liv.: so auch stat pectore fixum mit folg. Infin., Val. Flacc.: u. stat alci od. bl. stat mit folg. Infin., Cic. u.a. – c) v. Schauspielern u. Schauspielen, stehen = sich auf der Bühne halten, gefallen (Ggstz. cadere, exigi), in his, quas primum Caecilii didici novas, partim sum earum exactus, partim vix steti, Ter.: illi, scripta quibus comoedia prisca viris est, hoc stabant, Hor. – cum stetit olim nova (fabula), actoris operā magis stetisse quam suā, Ter.: securus, cadat an recto stet fabula talo, Hor. – ⇒ Perf. stĕtĕrunt gemessen, Verg. Aen. 2, 774; 3, 48. Prop. 2, 8, 10 M. Ov. her. 7, 166. – Das Supinum statum will Prisc. 9, 38 mit langem a, dagegen 10, 27 mit kurzem a gemessen
    ————
    haben; stātūrus mißt Lucan. 2, 566 u. 719; 3, 381. Sil. 17, 82. Mart. 6, 32, 3. – vulg. Nbf. isto, wov. istat, Augustin. serm. 118, 4 Mai: istamus, Itala (Fuld.) Roman. 5, 2: istatis, Itala (psalt. Veron.) psalm. 133, 1: ista, Itala (Fuld.) Iacob. 2, 3: istare, Isid. de nat. rer. 44, 2 cod. Bamb. A.
    ————————
    2. stō, s. iste ⇒.

    Ausführliches Lateinisch-deutsches Handwörterbuch > sto

  • 18 прислушиваться

    * * *
    несов. от прислушаться
    * * *
    v
    gener. ascoltare (ê+D), badare (ê.+D), dar retta, dar retta a (qd) (к кому-л.), dare ascolto, dare ascolto (к мнению и т.п.), orecchiare, porgere ascolto (к мнению и т.п.), porgere orecchio, porre orecchio, prestare orecchio, stare a sentire, stare con gli orecchii aperti

    Universale dizionario russo-italiano > прислушиваться

  • 19 ухо

    [úcho] n. (pl. уши, gen. pl. ушей, dim. ушко)
    1.
    2.
    ◆

    специалист по уху, горлу, носу — otorinolaringoiatra (m.)

    в одно ухо входит, в другое выходит — da un orecchio entra e dall'altro esce

    не видать тебе этого, как своих ушей — non lo vedrai mai

    не смыслить ни уха ни рыла в чём-л. — non capire un tubo

    прожужжать все уши о + prepos. — riempire gli orecchi di

    3.
    ◇

    удобнее верблюду пройти сквозь игольное ушко, нежели богатому войти в Царство Небесное — è più facile che un cammello passi per la cruna di un ago, che un ricco entri nel Regno dei cieli

    Новый русско-итальянский словарь > ухо

  • 20 Cum

    1.
    cum (archaic form COM, found in an inscr., COM PREIVATVD; in MSS. sometimes quom or quum), prep. with abl. [for skom, Sanscr. root sak, together; cf. sequor, and Gr. koinos, sun], designates in gen. accompaniment, community, connection of one object with another (opp. sine, separatim, etc.), with, together, together with, in connection or company with, along with; sometimes also to be translated and.
    I.
    In gen., Plaut. Am. prol. 95:

    qui cum Amphitruone abiit hinc in exercitum,

    id. ib. prol. 125:

    cum Pansā vixi in Pompeiano,

    Cic. Att. 14, 20, 4:

    semper ille antea cum uxore, tum sine eā,

    id. Mil. 21, 55:

    quibuscum essem libenter,

    id. Fam. 5, 21, 1; cf.:

    cum quibus in ceteris intellegis afuisse,

    id. Sull. 3, 7:

    si cenas hodie mecum,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 70:

    vagamur egentes cum conjugibus et liberis,

    Cic. Att. 8, 2, 3:

    errare malo cum Platone, etc.,

    id. Tusc. 1, 17, 39:

    qui unum imperium unumque magistratum cum ipsis habeant,

    Caes. B. G. 2, 3 et saep.—
    b.
    In an expression of displeasure:

    in' hinc, quo dignus, cum donis tuis Tam lepidis,

    Ter. Eun. 4, 3, 9; cf. Plaut. Most. 2, 2, 33; Ter. And. 5, 4, 38; id. Eun. 1, 2, 73; id. Heaut. 4, 6, 7 al.—
    B.
    In a designation of time with which some action concurs:

    egone abs te abii hinc hodie cum diluculo?

    Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 121; so,

    cum primo luci,

    id. Cist. 2, 1, 58:

    cras cum filio cum primo luci ibo hinc,

    Ter. Ad. 5, 3, 55; Cic. Off. 3, 31, 112; cf.:

    cum primā luce,

    id. Att. 4, 3, 4; and:

    cum primo lumine solis,

    Verg. A. 7, 130: cum primo mane, Auct. B. Afr. 62: cum mane, Lucil. ap. Diom. p. 372 P:

    pariter cum ortu solis,

    Sall. J. 106, 5:

    pariter cum occasu solis,

    id. ib. 68, 2; cf.:

    cum sole reliquit,

    Verg. A. 3, 568 et saep.:

    mane cum luci simul,

    Plaut. Merc. 2, 1, 31; v. simul: exiit cum nuntio (i. e. at the same time with, etc.), Caes. B. G. 5, 46; cf.: cum his nuntius Romam ad consulendum redit ( = hama toisde), Liv. 1, 32, 10:

    simul cum dono designavit templo Jovis fines,

    id. 1, 10, 5; cf.:

    et vixisse cum re publicā pariter, et cum illā simul extinctus esse videatur,

    Cic. de Or. 3, 3, 10.—
    C.
    In designating the relations, circumstances, way, and manner with which any act is connected, by which it is accompanied, under or in which it takes place, etc., with, in, under, in the midst of, among, to, at: aliquid cum malo suo facere, Plaut. Bacch. 3, 4, 4; cf.:

    cum magnā calamitate et prope pernicie civitatis,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 24, § 63:

    cum summā rei publicae salute et cum tuā peste ac pernicie cumque eorum exitio, qui, etc.,

    id. Cat. 1, 13, 33:

    cum magno provinciae periculo,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 10:

    cum summo probro,

    Ter. And. 5, 3, 10: cum summo terrore hominum, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 24, 6:

    cum summā tuā dignitate,

    Cic. Fin. 4, 22, 61:

    cum bonā alite,

    Cat. 61, 19:

    ferendum hoc onus est cum labore,

    Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 21; cf. Cic. N. D. 2, 23, 59:

    multis cum lacrimis aliquem obsecrare,

    amid many tears, Caes. B. G. 1, 20; cf.:

    hunc ipsum abstulit magno cum gemitu civitatis,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 19, § 49:

    orare cum lacrimis coepere,

    Liv. 5, 30, 5:

    si minus cum curā aut cautelā locus loquendi lectus est,

    Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 6 Ritschl; so,

    cum curā,

    Cic. Inv. 1, 39, 70; Sall. J. 54, 1; Liv. 22, 42, 5 et saep.; cf.:

    cum summo studio,

    Sall. C. 51, 38:

    cum quanto studio periculoque,

    Liv. 8, 25, 12 al.:

    cum multā venustate et omni sale,

    Cic. Fin. 1, 3, 9:

    summā cum celeritate ad exercitum rediit,

    Hirt. B. G. 8, 52:

    maximo cum clamore involant,

    Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 89:

    cum clamore,

    Liv. 2, 23, 8; 5, 45, 2:

    cum clamore ac tumultu,

    id. 9, 31, 8; cf.:

    Athenienses cum silentio auditi sunt,

    id. 38, 10, 4; 7, 35, 1:

    illud cum pace agemus,

    Cic. Tusc. 5, 29, 83:

    cum bonā pace,

    Liv. 1, 24, 3; 21, 24, 5:

    cum bonā gratiā,

    Cic. Fat. 4, 7:

    cum bonā veniā,

    Liv. 29, 1, 7; cf.:

    cum veniā,

    Ov. Tr. 4, 1, 104; Quint. 10, 1, 72:

    cum virtute vivere,

    Cic. Fin. 3, 8, 29; cf. id. ib. 2, 11, 34:

    cum judicio,

    Quint. 10, 1, 8:

    cum firmā memoriā,

    id. 5, 10, 54:

    legata cum fide ac sine calumniā persolvere,

    Suet. Calig. 16:

    spolia in aede... cum sollemni dedicatione dono fixit,

    Liv. 4, 20, 3.—
    b.
    Attributively, with subst.:

    et huic proelium cum Tuscis ad Janiculum erat crimini,

    Liv. 2, 52, 7 Weissenb. ad loc.:

    frumenti cum summā caritate inopia erat,

    id. 2, 12, 1; 2, 5, 2; 7, 29, 3.—
    2.
    Cum eo quod, ut, or ne (in an amplification or limitation), with the circumstance or in the regard that, on or under the condition, with the exception, that, etc. (except once in Cic. epistt. not ante-Aug.).
    (α).
    Cum eo quod, with indic., Quint. 12, 10, 47 Spald.; 10, 7, 13; so,

    cum eo quidem, quod, etc.,

    id. 2, 4, 30. —With subj.:

    sit sane, quoniam ita tu vis: sed tamen cum eo, credo, quod sine peccato meo fiat,

    Cic. Att. 6, 1, 7.—
    (β).
    With ut:

    Antium nova colonia missa cum eo, ut Antiatibus permitteretur, si et ipsi adscribi coloni vellent,

    Liv. 8, 14, 8; so id. 8, 14, 2; 30, 10, 21; 36, 5, 3; Cels. 3, 22.—So with tamen:

    cum eo tamen, ut nullo tempore is... non sit sustinendus,

    Cels. 3, 5 fin.; 4, 6 fin. —
    (γ).
    With ne:

    obsequar voluntati tuae cum eo, ne dubites, etc.,

    Col. 5, 1, 4:

    cum eo, ne amplius quam has urant,

    Cels. 7, 22; and with tamen:

    cum eo tamen, ne, etc.,

    id. 2, 17.—
    3.
    Cum dis volentibus, etc., with God's help, by the will of the gods, sun theôi:

    cum divis volentibus quodque bene eveniat mando tibi, Mani, etc.,

    Cato, R. R. 141, 1: volentibu' cum magnis dis, Enn. ap. Cic. Off. 1, 12, 38:

    agite, cum dis bene juvantibus arma capite,

    Liv. 21, 43, 7; so,

    cum superis,

    Claud. Cons. Stil. III. p. 174.—
    4.
    Cum with an ordinal number (cum octavo, cum decimo, etc.) for our - fold, in economical lang., of the multiplication of cultivated products:

    ut ex eodem semine aliubi cum decimo redeat, aliubi cum quinto decimo,

    ten-, fifteenfold, Varr. R. R. 1, 44, 1; so,

    cum octavo, cum decimo,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 47, § 112:

    cum centesimo,

    Plin. 18, 10, 21, § 95; cf. with a subst.:

    cum centesimā fruge agricolis faenus reddente terrā,

    id. 5, 4, 3, § 24.—
    D.
    With a means or instrument, considered as attending or accompanying the actor in his action (so most freq. anteclass., or in the poets and scientific writers): acribus inter se cum armis confligere, Lucil. ap. Non. p. 261, 6: effundit voces proprio cum pectore, Enn. ap. Serv. ad Verg. G. 2, 424: cum voce maximā conclamat, Claud. Quadrig. ap. Gell. 9, 13, 10:

    cum linguā lingere,

    Cat. 98, 3:

    cum suo gurgite accepit venientem (fluvius),

    Verg. A. 9, 816:

    cum vino et oleo ungere,

    Veg. 1, 11, 8 et saep.:

    terra in Augurum libris scripta cum R uno,

    Varr. L. L. 5, § 21 Müll.
    II.
    In partic.
    A.
    Completing the meaning of verbs.
    1.
    With verbs of union, connection, and agreement: cum veteribus copiis se conjungere, Caes. B. G. 1, 37:

    ut proprie cohaereat cum narratione,

    Auct. Her. 1, 7, 11:

    (haec) arbitror mihi constare cum ceteris scriptoribus,

    id. 1, 9, 16:

    interfectam esse... convenit mihi cum adversariis,

    id. 1, 10, 17; cf. Cic. Inv. 1, 22, 31:

    quī autem poterat in gratiam redire cum Oppianico Cluentius?

    id. Clu. 31, 86:

    hanc sententiam cum virtute congruere semper,

    id. Off. 3, 3, 13:

    foedera quibus etiam cum hoste devincitur fides,

    id. ib. 3, 31, 111:

    capita nominis Latini stare ac sentire cum rege videbant,

    Liv. 1, 52, 4:

    cum aliquo in gratiam redire,

    id. 3, 58, 4:

    stabat cum eo senatūs majestas,

    id. 8, 34, 1:

    conjurasse cum Pausaniā,

    Curt. 7, 1, 6:

    Autronium secum facere,

    Cic. Sull. 13, 36; cf. also conecto, colligo, consentio, compono, etc.—
    2.
    Of companionship, association, sharing, etc.:

    cum his me oblecto, qui res gestas aut orationes scripserunt suas,

    Cic. de Or. 2, 14, 61:

    quoniam vivitur, non cum perfectis hominibus, sed cum iis, etc.,

    id. Off. 1, 15, 46:

    nulla (societas) carior quam ea quae cum re publicā est unicuique nostrum,

    id. ib. 1, 17, 51:

    cum civibus vivere,

    id. ib. 1, 34, 124:

    cum M. Fabio mihi summus usus est,

    id. Fam. 9, 25, 2; cf.:

    cum quibus publice privatimque hospitia amicitiasque junxerant,

    Liv. 1, 45, 2:

    partiri cum Dinaeā matre jussit,

    Cic. Clu. 7, 21:

    cum Baebio communicare,

    id. ib. 16, 47; cf.

    of local association, nearness: cum mortuā jugulatum servum nudum positurum ait,

    Liv. 1, 58, 4:

    duos tamen pudor cum eo tenuit,

    id. 2, 10, 5.—
    3.
    Of intercourse, traffic, etc.:

    cum aliquo agere,

    to deal with, Cic. Ac. 2, 35, 112; Caes. B. G. 1, 13:

    cum eo Accius injuriarum agit,

    Auct. Her. 1, 14, 24:

    si par est agere cum civibus,

    Cic. Off. 2, 23, 83; 3, 22, 88; id. Scaur. 10, 20; cf. id. Fam. 5, 18, 1; Liv. 1, 19, 7; 3, 9, 13; 4, 15, 2; Val. Max. 4, 3, 8:

    si mihi cum Peripateticis res esset,

    Cic. Ac. 2, 35, 112:

    tecum enim mihi res est,

    id. Rosc. Am. 30, 84:

    uni tibi et cum singulis res est,

    Liv. 2, 12, 11:

    pacem cum Sabinis facere,

    Cic. Off. 3, 30, 109.—Esp.: agere cum aliquo, to have a lawsuit with, Gai Inst. 4, 87; 4, 114 et saep.; v. ago, II. B. 8. a., and II. B. 9.; consisto, I. B. 5.; cf. also pango, etc.—
    4.
    Of deliberation and discussion:

    haec ego cum ipsis philosophis disserebam,

    Cic. de Or. 1, 13, 57:

    tempus cum conjuratis consultando absumunt,

    Liv. 2, 4, 3 et saep.; v. also cogito, reputo, dubito, etc.—
    5.
    Of strife, difference, etc.:

    quibuscum continenter bellum gerunt,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 1:

    cum Cleanthe quam multis rebus Chrysippus dissidet!

    Cic. Ac. 2, 47, 143:

    neque tam quererer cum deo quod, etc.,

    id. ib. 2, 25, 81:

    cum quo Antiochum saepe disputantem audiebam,

    id. ib. 2, 4, 11:

    cum stomacheretur cum Metello,

    id. Or. 2, 66, 267:

    manu cum hoste confligere,

    id. Off. 1, 23, 81:

    utilia cum honestis pugnare,

    id. ib. 3, 7, 34: cum Catone dissentire. id. ib. 3, 22, 88:

    cum majoribus nostris bella gessit,

    id. Scaur. 19, 45; Liv. 1, 35, 7; 7, 22, 4:

    cum Auruncis bellum inire,

    id. 2, 16, 8; cf.:

    cum Volscis aequo Marte discessum est,

    id. 2, 40, 14:

    inimicitias cum Africano gerere,

    Val. Max. 4, 1, 8; Sen. Vit. Beat. 2, 3:

    cum Scipione dissentire,

    Val. Max. 4, 1, 12:

    cum utrāque (uxore) divortium fecit,

    Suet. Claud. 26; cf. also certo, pugno, discrepo, differo, distraho, dissentio, etc.—
    6.
    Of comparison:

    nec Arcesilae calumnia conferenda est cum Democriti verecundiā,

    Cic. Ac. 2, 5, 14:

    hanc rationem dicendi cum imperatoris laude comparare,

    id. de Or. 1, 2, 8:

    conferam Sullamne cum Junio,

    id. Clu. 34, 94:

    (orationem) cum magnitudine utilitatis comparare,

    id. Off. 2, 6, 20.—
    B.
    Pregn., implying the notion of being furnished, endowed, clothed with any thing, or of possessing, holding, suffering under, etc., in a lit. and trop. sense: ille vir haud magnā cum re sed plenus fidei, Enn. ap. Cic. Sen. 1, 1 (cf. the antith.:

    hominem sine re, sine fide,

    Cic. Cael. 32, 78):

    a portu illuc nunc cum laternā advenit,

    Plaut. Am. prol. 149:

    cadus cum vino,

    id. Stich. 5, 1, 7; cf. id. Pers. 2, 3, 15:

    olla cum aquā,

    Cato, R. R. 156:

    arcula cum ornamentis,

    Plaut. Most. 1, 3, 91:

    fiscos cum pecuniā Siciliensi,

    Cic. Verr. 1, 8, 22:

    onerariae naves cum commeatu,

    Liv. 30, 24, 5 et saep.:

    cum servili schemā,

    Plaut. Am. prol. 117;

    so of clothing,

    id. Rud. 1, 4, 31; Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 24, § 54; 2, 5, 13, § 31; [p. 490] id. Rab. Post. 10, 27; Liv. 35, 34, 7; Suet. Claud. 13; Sil. 1, 94 et saep.:

    ut ne quis cum telo servus esset,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 3, § 7;

    so of weapons,

    id. Phil. 2, 8, 19; cf.:

    inmissi cum falcibus, etc.,

    id. Tusc. 5, 23, 65:

    vidi argenteum Cupidinem cum lampade,

    holding, id. Verr. 2, 2, 47, § 115:

    simulacrum Cereris cum faucibus,

    id. ib. 2, 4, 49, §

    109: cum elephanti capite puer natus,

    Liv. 27, 11, 5; cf.:

    cum quinque pedibus natus,

    id. 30, 2, 10; 33, 1, 11; 27, 4, 14 al.: omnia cum pulchris animis Romana juventus, Enn. ap. Don. ad Ter. Phorm. 3, 1, 1; cf.

    Ter. ib.: Minucius cum vulnere gravi relatus in castra,

    Liv. 9, 44, 14:

    te Romam venisse cum febri,

    Cic. Att. 6, 9, 1; so id. de Or. 3, 2, 6; id. Clu. 62, 175: cum eisdem suis vitiis nobilissimus, with all his faults, i. e. in spite of, id. ib. 40, 112:

    ex eis qui cum imperio sint,

    id. Fam. 1, 1, 3 Manut.; cf.:

    cum imperio aut magistratu,

    Suet. Tib. 12 Bremi; v. imperium.—
    C.
    With idem (never of the identity of two subjects, but freq. of the relation of two subjects to the same object, etc.;

    v. Krebs, Antibarb. p. 538): tibi mecum in eodem est pistrino vivendum,

    Cic. de Or. 2, 33, 144:

    quandoque tu... omnibus in eisdem flagitiis mecum versatus es,

    id. Verr. 2, 3, 80, § 187:

    Numidae... in eādem mecum Africā geniti,

    Liv. 30, 12, 15; 28, 28, 14; Tac. A. 15, 2; Val. Max. 6, 5, 3.—
    D.
    In the adverb. phrase, cum primis, with the foremost, i.e. especially, particularly (rare), Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 28, § 68; id. Brut. 62, 224.—Post-class. also as one word: cumprīmis, Gell. 1, 12, 7 al.
    ► a.
    Cum in anastrophe. So always with the pers. pron.: mecum, tecum, secum, nobiscum, etc.; cf. Cic. Or. 45, 154; Prisc. pp. 949 and 988 P.; and in gen. with the rel. pron.:

    quocum (quīcum), quacum, quibuscum, quīcum (for quocum),

    Cic. Or. 45, 154; Liv. 38, 9, 2; Cic. Att. 5, 1, 4; id. Verr. 2, 2, 31, §§ 76 and 77; Caes. B. G. 1, 8; Cic. Rep. 1, 10, 15; id. Att. 4, 9, 2; id. Off. 1, 35, 126; Quint. 8, 6, 65; 10, 5, 7; 11, 2, 38. But where cum is emphatic, or a demonstrative pron. is understood, cum is placed before the rel.; cf.:

    his de rebus velim cum Pompeio, cum Camillo, cum quibus vobis videbitur, consideretis,

    Cic. Fam. 14, 14, 3:

    adhibuit sibi quindecim principes cum quibus causas cognovit,

    id. Off. 2, 23, 82; Liv. 1, 45, 2.—
    b.
    Before et... et, connecting two substt.:

    cum et diurno et nocturno metu,

    Cic. Tusc. 5, 23, 66.
    III.
    In compounds the primitive form com was alone in use, and was unchanged before b, p, m: comburo, compono, committo, and a few words beginning with vowels: comes, comitium, and comitor; m was assimilated before r: corripio; often before l: colligo or conligo; rarely before n, as connumero, but usually dropped: conecto, conitor, conubium; with the change of m into n before all the remaining consonants: concutio, condono, confero, congero, conqueror, consumo, contero, convinco; so, conjicio, etc., but more usually conicio; and with the rejection of m before vowels and before h: coarguo, coëo, coinquino, coopto, cohibeo.—
    B.
    It designates,
    1.
    A being or bringing together of several objects: coëo, colloquor, convivor, etc.: colligo, compono, condo, etc.—
    2.
    The completeness, perfecting of any act, and thus gives intensity to the signif. of the simple word, as in commaculo, commendo, concito, etc., comminuo, concerpo, concido, convello, etc.
    2.
    Cum (ante-class. quom; freq. in MSS. of Cicero; the post-class. form quum is incorrectly given in many MSS. and edd.), conj. [pronom. stem ka- or kva- with acc. case ending].
    I.
    Of time, when, as, while, sometimes = after, since.
    A.
    In adverbial clauses dependent on non-preterite predicates.
    1.
    The time designated by cum being indefinite, when, if, whenever, always with indic., except in the instances A. 2.
    a.
    Cum with pres. indic., often equivalent to si.
    (α).
    With principal predicate in pres.:

    nam omnes id faciunt quom se amari intellegunt,

    Plaut. Truc. prol. 17:

    facile, quom valemus, recta consilia aegrotis damus,

    Ter. And. 2, 1, 9; Plaut. Ep. 1, 2, 44; id. Poen. 4, 2, 20; id. Truc. 1, 1, 46; Ter. Phorm. 2, 1, 11:

    cum semen maturum habet, tum tempestiva est,

    Cato, R. R. 17; 41: quid? tum cum es iratus, permittis illi iracundiae dominationem animi tui? Cic. Rep. 1, 38, 59:

    cum permagna praemia sunt, est causa peccandi,

    id. Off. 3, 20, 79; id. de Or. 3, 23, 87:

    quidam vivere tunc incipiunt cum desinendum est,

    Sen. Ep. 23, 11.—
    (β).
    With principal predicate in fut. (rare):

    ad cujus igitur fidem confugiet cum per ejus fidem laeditur cui se commiserit?

    Cic. Rosc. Am. 40, 116; id. Leg. 3, 10, 24; id. Fl. 17, 40; Verg. A. 12, 208.—
    (γ).
    With principal predicate in logical perf. (mostly poet.):

    haud invito ad auris sermo mi accessit tuos, Quom te postputasse omnis res prae parente intellego,

    Ter. Hec. 3, 5, 33:

    qui cum levati morbo videntur, in eum de integro inciderunt,

    Cic. Fam. 12, 30, 2:

    (dolor) Cum furit... Profuit incensos aestus avertere ( = prodest),

    Verg. G. 3, 457:

    nemo non, cum alteri prodest, sibi profuit,

    Sen. Ep. 81, 19; Cic. Att. 4, 18, 1; Liv. 8, 8, 11; Verg. A. 9, 435; id. G. 1, 288.—
    b.
    With logical perf. indic.
    (α).
    With principal predicate in pres. (very freq.), the perf. translated either by English pres. perf. or by pres.: omnia sunt incerta cum a jure discessum est, when we ( once) disregard the law, Cic. Fam. 9, 16, 1:

    gubernatores cum exultantes loligines viderunt... tempestatem significari putant,

    id. Div. 2, 70, 145:

    cum depulsi sunt agni a matribus, diligentia adhibenda est ne, etc.,

    Varr. R. R. 2, 2, 17:

    cum ejus generis copia defecit, ad innocentium supplicia descendunt,

    Caes. B. G. 6, 16, 5:

    (hostis) cum intravit... modum a captivis non accipit,

    Sen. Ira, 1, 8, 2:

    quia enim, cum prima cognovi, jungere extrema cupio,

    Plin. Ep. 7, 10, 1; Cic. Or. 1, 33, 153; id. Div. 2, 26, 56; id. Brut. 24, 93; id. Cat. 4, 6, 12; id. Fam. 6, 3, 3; Auct. Her. 4, 50, 63; Caes. B. G. 4, 33; 5, 21; Liv. 22, 9, 8; 34, 31, 4; Val. Max. 8, 10 prooem.; 9, 6 init.; Sen. Ep. 3, 2; 21, 9; id. Cons. Helv. 13, 2; Curt. 3, 3, 18; Plin. 18, 7, 10, § 60; Quint. 4, 2, 122; 10, 7, 14.—In oblique clauses the perf. indic. may remain, or may be changed into perf. subj., even after preterites, Cic. Off. 1, 28, 26; 2, 20, 69.—
    (β).
    With principal predicate in fut. ( poet.), Ov. P. 1, 5, 47.—
    (γ).
    With two logical perff. (rare):

    cum id factum est, tamen grex dominum non mutavit,

    Varr. R. R. 2, 2, 6:

    quae cum se disposuit... summum bonum tetigit,

    Sen. Vit. Beat. 8, 5; id. Tranq. 17, 11; id. Ben. 1, 1, 5. —
    c.
    With fut.
    (α).
    With principal predicate in fut.:

    ita fere officia reperientur, cum quaeretur, quid deceat, etc.,

    Cic. Off. 1, 34, 125; Auct. Her. 2, 7, 10; 2, 12, 17.— So with principal predicate in fut. imper:

    etiam tum cum verisimile erit aliquem commisisse... latratote,

    Cic. Rosc. Am. 20, 57, id. Mur. 31, 65; id. Att. 3, 8, 4; Liv. 35, 19, 6.—
    (β).
    With principal predicate in pres.:

    in talibus... stabilitas amicitiae confirmari potest, cum homines cupiditatibus imperabunt,

    Cic. Lael. 22, 82; Val. Max. 4, 8 prooem.—
    d.
    With fut. perf.
    (α).
    With principal predicate in pres.:

    quam (spem), cum in otium venerimus, habere volumus,

    Cic. Att. 1, 7:

    nec irascimur illis cum sessorem recusaverint,

    Sen. Const. 12, 3; id. Cons. Marc. 7, 2.—
    (β).
    With principal predicate in fut. indic.:

    cum haec erunt considerata, statim nostrae legis expositione... utemur,

    Auct. Her. 2, 10, 15:

    cum viderit secari patrem suum filiumve, vir bonus non flebit?

    Sen. Ira, 1, 12, 1.—In oblique clauses, dependent on preterites, it is changed to the pluperf. subj.:

    qui tum demum beatum terrarum orbem futurum praedicavit cum aut sapientes regnare, aut reges sapere coepissent,

    Val. Max. 7, 2, ext. 4.—
    (γ).
    With principal predicate in fut. imper.:

    cum tempestates pluviae fuerint, videtote quot dies, etc.,

    Cato, R. R. 2, 3; 25 init.; 38.—
    (δ).
    With two fut. perff.:

    cum bene cesserit negotiatio, multum militia retulerit,

    Sen. Cons. Helv. 10, 6.—
    e.
    In partic.
    (α).
    In definitions with pres, indic.:

    humile genus est (causae) cum contempta res adfertur,

    Auct. Her. 1, 3, 5:

    purgatio est cum factum conceditur, culpa removetur,

    Cic. Inv. 1, 11, 15: maxima est capitis deminutio cum aliquis simul et civitatem et libertatem amittit, Gai Inst. 1, 160; Auct. Her. 1, 46; 2, 4, 6; 4, 12, 17; 4, 53, 66 et saep. —
    (β).
    Etiam cum (less freq. cum etiam), even when (nearly = etiamsi), always with indic. if dependent on other than preterite predicates. (1) With pres.: qui cavet ne decipiatur, vix cavet, quom etiam cavet, Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 5:

    in quo scelere, etiam cum multae causae convenisse... videntur, tamen non temere creditur,

    Cic. Rosc. Am. 22, 62:

    qui incolunt maritimas urbis, etiam cum manent corpore, animo tamen excursant,

    id. Rep. 2, 4, 7; Curt. 6, 3, 10; Plin. Ep. 1, 8, 6.—(2) With fut.:

    etiam cum potentes nocere intendent,

    Sen. Const. 4, 1. —(3) With fut. perf.:

    cum etiam plus contenderimus, etc.,

    Cic. Fam. 1, 8, 7; Sen. Ben. 4, 13, 3.—(4) In oblique clauses with imperf. subj., Cic. Fragm. Tog. Cand. 15.—
    (γ).
    Anteclass. with indic. in addressing indefinite persons in rules, after imper.:

    sorba in sapa cum vis condere, arida facias,

    Cato, R. R. 7 fin. — Always with indic. if a certain person is addressed; cf. Cic. Rep. 1, 38, 59 (l. A. 1. a. a supra); id. Verr. 2, 1, 18, § 47.—
    2.
    With subj. referring to indefinite time.
    a.
    With the 2d pers. sing., used in an indefinite sense ( you = one, any one).
    (α).
    With pres. subj.:

    acerbum'st pro benefactis quom mali messim metas,

    Plaut. Ep. 5, 2, 53:

    quom faciem videas, videtur esse quantivis preti,

    Ter. And. 5, 2, 15; Plaut. Cas. 3, 2, 32; id. Bacch. 3, 3, 38; id. Merc. 3, 2, 7 and 8 et saep.:

    difficile est tacere cum doleas,

    Cic. Sull. 10, 31:

    etiam interpretatio nominis habet acumen cum ad ridiculum convertas,

    id. de Or. 2, 63, 257; 2, 64, 259; 2, 67, 269; 2, 75, 305; 3, 38, 156; Sen. Ep. 75, 4 et saep.—
    (β).
    With perf. subj.:

    difficile est cum praestare omnibus concupieris, servare aequitatem,

    Cic. Off. 1, 19, 64:

    quos (versus) cum cantu spoliaveris, nuda paene remanet oratio,

    id. Or. 55, 183; id. Lael. 21, 77; id. Inv. 1, 47, 88; Sall. C. 12, 3; 51, 24; 58, 16.—
    b.
    In the jurists, in a clause exemplifying a general rule: cum ergo ita scriptum sit Heres Titius esto, addicere debemus, Gai Inst. 2, 165; so id. ib. 4, 97; 3, 161; Auct. Her. 4, 31, 42.—
    c.
    In the phrase audio cum dicat (I. F. 1, b. infra):

    saepe soleo audire Roscium cum ita dicat se, etc.,

    Cic. de Or. 2, 28, 129.—
    d.
    When, after cum, an imperfect or pluperfect is used as a logical tense (post-Aug.): non tulit gratis qui cum rogasset accepit, who has asked for the favor, and, etc., Sen. Ben. 2, 1, 4; 2, 3, 1; 2, 13, 2; id. Ep. 86, 8.—
    e.
    If the principal predicate is a potential subjunctive, an indefinite clause with a present or future after cum is always in the same mood:

    caveto quom ventus siet aut imber, effodias aut seras,

    Cato, R. R. 28:

    quis tam dissoluto animo est qui, haec cum videat, tacere ac neglegere possit?

    Cic. Rosc. Am. 11, 32; id. Planc. 39, 94; id. Clu. 55, 153; id. Inv. 1, 4, 87; 1, 51, 95; Auct. Her. 4, 6, 9; 4, 32, 43.—
    3.
    Of definite time, always with indic. (for exceptions, v. 4. infra), when, if, while (for the distinction between cum and si, cf.:

    formam mihi totius rei publicae, si jam es Romae, aut cum eris, velim mittas,

    Cic. Att. 6, 3, 4:

    quae si prodierit, atque adeo cum prodierit—scio enim proditurum esse—audiet,

    id. Rosc. Am. 25, 100:

    si damnatus eris, atque adeo cum damnatus eris—nam dubitatio quae poterit esse? etc.,

    id. Verr. 2, 3, 29, § 70; id. Or. 2, 75, 304; Sen. Ep. 83, 10).
    a.
    Cum with pres. indic.
    (α).
    Principal predicate in pres.:

    certe, edepol, quom illum contemplo et formam cognosco meam... nimis simili'st mei,

    Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 288; so id. Poen. 1, 2, 71; id. Pers. 4, 4, 15; Ter. Hec. 3, 3, 45: Py. Ne fle. Ph. Non queo Quom te video, Plaut. Mil. 4, 8, 14; id. Am. 1, 1, 260; id. Rud. 3, 4, 38:

    potestne tibi ulla spes salutis ostendi cum recordaris in deos immortalis quam impius... fueris?

    Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 18, § 47: cum hoc vereor, et cupio tibi... parcere, rursus immuto voluntatem meam ( = while), id. Rosc. Am. 34, 95; Serv. ap. Cic. Fam. 4, 5, 4:

    equidem cum... recordor, vix aetatem Alexandri suffecturam fuisse reor ad unum bellum,

    Liv. 9, 19, 12; Cic. Planc. 12, 29; id. Clu. 10, 29; Liv. 40, 46, 3:

    quod cum ita est,

    if this is so, Quint. 24, 58 (cf.:

    quodsi ita est,

    Cic. Mur. 2, 5); so,

    often, nunc cum: qui modo nusquam conparebas, nunc quom conpares, peris,

    Plaut. Aul. 4, 4, 2; so id. ib. 1, 3, 35; 2, 2, 17; id. As. 1, 2, 18; Ter. Heaut. 3, 1, 39:

    nos de injusto rege nihil loquimur, nunc cum de ipsa regali re publica quaerimus,

    Cic. Rep. 3, 35, 47; Liv. 44, 39, 7.—So with logical perf. for the pres., Quint. 4, 2, 122.—But Cicero always uses nunc cum with a subj. when the clause, while designating present time, generally [p. 491] in opposition to a former time, implies a reason for the principal action, now that:

    quodsi tum, cum res publica severitatem desiderabat, vici naturam, etc., nunc cum omnes me causae ad misericordiam... vocent, quanto tandem studio, etc.,

    Cic. Mur. 2, 3, 6; id. Fam. 9, 16, 7; id. Font. 15, 35 (25); id. Imp. Pomp. 10, 27; 17, 50; not found in later writers, except in the Gallic panegyrists, e. g. Eum. Grat. Act. 2 init. —
    (β).
    With principal predicate in the logical perf., if (ante-class.):

    Curculio hercle verba mihi dedit quom cogito,

    Plaut. Curc. 4, 4, 27:

    sed tandem, quom recogito, qui potis est scire, haec scire me?

    id. Stich. 2, 1, 29; id. Mil. 4, 8, 64.—
    b.
    Cum with logical perf. indic.
    (α).
    Principal predicate in pres.:

    ergo quom optume fecisti, nunc adest occasio Benefacta cumulare,

    after doing excellently, Plaut. Capt. 2, 3, 63: quo etiam major vir habendus est (Numa), cum illam sapientiam constituendae civitatis duobus prope saeculis ante cognovit, quam, etc. ( = siquidem, if he has; seeing that he has), Cic. de Or. 2, 37, 154; Verg. A. 9, 249.—
    (β).
    With principal predicate in fut. ( poet.):

    at cumst imposta corona, Clamabis capiti vina subisse meo (est imposta = erit imposta),

    Prop. 4 (5), 2, 30.—
    c.
    With fut.
    (α).
    With principal predicate in fut.:

    quom videbis tum scies,

    Plaut. Bacch. 1, 2, 37; id. Am. 3, 3, 15; id. Men. 5, 7, 7; Ter. Phorm. 1, 2, 82; id. Heaut. prol. 33:

    sed cum certum sciam faciam te paulo ante certiorem,

    Cic. Fam. 9, 23; 3, 11, 3; 12, 30, 5; 14, 3, 4; id. Q. Fr. 3, 8, 2; Liv. 3, 53, 10.—
    (β).
    With principal predicate in fut. perf.:

    cum tu haec leges, ego jam annuum munus confecero,

    Cic. Fam. 2, 12, 1.—
    (γ).
    With principal predicate in imper. fut.:

    mox quom imitabor Sauream, caveto ne succenseas,

    Plaut. As. 2, 2, 105; id. Mil. 3, 3, 59.—
    (δ).
    With principal predicate in subj. (potential):

    cum testes ex Sicilia dabo, quem volet ille eligat,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 22, § 48; id. Off. 1, 34, 122; 3, 10, 46; id. Att. 4, 9, 1; 4, 10, 2; 4, 17, 1 et saep.—
    (ε).
    In oblique clauses, after preterites, changed into imperf. subj., Caes. B. C. 2, 40; after other tenses it is either changed into pres. subj. or remains unchanged, Cic. Fam. 1, 56, 2; 1, 7, 4; Sall. C. 58, 8.—
    d.
    With fut. perf.
    (α).
    With principal predicate in fut.:

    mox dabo quom ab re divina rediero,

    Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 193; id. Am. 1, 1, 43; 1, 2, 4; Ter. Phorm. 1, 4, 8:

    cum haec docuero, tum illud ostendam, etc.,

    Cic. Clu. 4, 9; id. Verr. 2, 1, 1, § 3; id. de Or. 2, 33, 143; 2, 59, 239; id. Att. 3, 23, 5 et saep.—In oblique clauses, after preterites, the fut. perf. is changed into pluperf. subj., Cic. Rosc. Am. 10, 28; 28, 78; Liv. 1, 56, 11; 5, 30, 1; after other tenses, and often in oblique oration, it remains unchanged, or is changed into perf. subj., Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 71, § 183; id. Fam. 2, 5, 2 dub.; Liv. 21, 13, 8; 3, 56, 10.—
    (β).
    With principal predicate in imper. (almost always fut. imper.):

    quod quom dixero, si placuerit, Facitote,

    Ter. Eun. 5, 8, 37:

    cum ego Granium testem produxero, refellito, si poteris,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 59, § 154; id. Marcell. 9, 27; id. Fam. 16, 4, 3; Tac. A. 1, 22.—With pres. imper., Liv. 24, 38, 7.—
    (γ).
    With principal predicate in subj. (potential):

    quae cum omnia collegeris, tum ipse velim judices satisne videatur,

    Cic. Fam. 5, 2, 4; id. Or. 13, 41 dub.—In oblique clauses, after non-preterites, the fut. perf. remains unchanged:

    oro, ne me hodie, cum isti respondero, putetis, etc.,

    Cic. Phil. 2, 5, 10; id. Clu. 2, 6.—
    4.
    With subj. in definite time.
    a.
    Sometimes in oblique construction (3. c. e; 3. d. a).—
    b.
    Sometimes by attraction:

    curata fac sint quom a foro redeam domum,

    Plaut. Aul. 2, 3, 6; 2, 3, 11; id. Stich. 1, 2, 8; id. Curc. 2, 2, 3:

    non admirere cum ego ipse me id ex te primum audisse confitear?

    Cic. Planc. 24, 58. —
    c.
    In the semi-causal connection nunc cum, v. 3, a. a fin. supra.
    B.
    In adverbial anterior clauses dependent on preterite predicates, the time of the cum clause preceding that of the principal sentence (always with subj., except in the instances mentioned 2.; 3. a; and 5.), when, after.
    1.
    With pluperf. subj. (so generally): quom socios nostros mandisset impius Cyclops, Liv. And. Fragm. ap. Prisc. 8, p. 817 (Lubbert conjectures, without sufficient reason, mandit sex): quom saucius multifariam ibi factus esset, tamen volnus capiti nullum evenit, Cato, Orig. ap. Gell. 3, 7, 19:

    portisculus signum cum dare coepisset,

    Enn. Ann. v. 234 Vahl.:

    quom testamento patris partisset bona,

    Afran. Com. Rel. v. 50 Rib.: quem quom ibi vidissent Hortensius Postumiusque, Lucil. ap. Non. p. 4, 32; Enn. Ann. v. 241 Vahl.; Turp. Com. Rel. v. 48 Rib.; Lucil. ap. Non. p. 394, 27 (the MSS. reading:

    quom venisset,

    Plaut. As. 2, 3, 15, is corrupt):

    audivi summos homines cum quaestor ex Macedonia venissem Athenas,

    Cic. de Or. 1, 11, 45:

    haec cum Crassus dixisset, silentium est consecutum,

    id. ib. 1, 35, 160:

    cum Thebani Lacedaemonios bello superavissent... aeneum statuerunt tropaeum,

    id. Inv. 2, 23, 69:

    Dionysius cum fanum Proserpinae Locris expilavisset, navigabat Syracusas,

    id. N. D. 3, 34, 83:

    eo cum venisset, animadvertit ad alteram ripam magnas esse copias hostium,

    Caes. B. G. 5, 18:

    Tarquinius et Tullia minor... cum domos vacuas novo matrimonio fecissent, junguntur nuptiis,

    Liv. 1, 46, 9 et saep. —
    2.
    With pluperf. indic.
    a.
    Ante-class. in place of the class. subj.:

    idem me pridem quom ei advorsum veneram, Facere atriensem voluerat,

    Plaut. Cas. 2, 8, 28:

    Quid ais? Quom intellexeras, id consilium capere, quor non dixti extemplo,

    Ter. And. 3, 2, 38.—
    b.
    If the pluperfect is a virtual imperfect, designating the time at which the main action took place, the principal predicate being likewise in the pluperfect, when the clause would require an indicative if placed in the imperfect (3. a. a): exspectationem nobis non parvam adtuleras cum scripseras Varronem tibi confirmasse, etc. ( = exspectabam cum legebam; cf. C. 3, a. a, 2.), Cic. Att. 3, 18, 1; cf. Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 9, 2, where the cum clause is relative; v. E.: Romae haud minus terroris... erat quam fuerat biennio ante cum castra Punica objecta Romanis moenibus fuerant (C. 3. a. a, 1.), Liv. 27, 44, 1; so id. 5, 28, 1; 26, 40, 17; 44, 10, 1.—
    c.
    If the clause indicates that the time of the main action is a period, subsequent to that of the action designated by the pluperfect:

    nam tum cum in Asia res magnas permulti amiserant, scimus Romae, solutione impedita, fidem concidisse,

    Cic. Imp. Pomp. 7, 19:

    cum ea consecutus nondum eram... tamen ista vestra nomina numquam sum admiratus,

    id. Fam. 3, 7, 5; id. Verr. 2, 5, 69, § 178; id. Inv. 2, 42, 124; Caes. B. G. 7, 35; Liv. 24, 7, 1 sq.; Nep. Dat. 6, 5; Curt. 9, 10, 12; Verg. A. 5, 42.—
    3.
    If both predicates denote repeated action, the anterior clause with cum has the pluperf. indic. or subj.
    a.
    With pluperf. indic.
    (α).
    With principal predicate in imperf. indic. (so almost always in Cicero and Caesar; not in the poets, nor in Vell., Val. Max., Tac., Suet., or Plin.), whenever:

    cum ad aliquod oppidum venerat, eadem lectica usque ad cubiculum deferebatur,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 11, § 27; 2, 1, 46, § 120; 2, 3, 67, § 156; 2, 4, 61, § 137; 2, 5, 10, § 27; id. Fl. 7, 16; 10, 21; id. Agr. 2, 26, 68; id. Or. 32, 113; id. Brut. 24, 93:

    (Cassi vellaunus) cum equitatus noster se in agros ejecerat, essedarios ex silvis emittebat,

    Caes. B. G. 5, 19; 3, 14; 3, 15; 4, 7; 5, 35; 7, 22; id. B. C. 1, 58; Sall. J. 92, 8; 44, 4:

    cum comminus venerant, gladiis a velitibus trucidabantur,

    Liv. 38, 21, 12; Nep. Epam. 3, 6; Sen. Ep. 11, 4; Curt. 3, 10, 8; 3, 10, 11; Quint. 7, 1, 4; Gell. 15, 22, 5; 17, 18, 3; Gai Inst. 4, 15; Pacat. 9.—
    (β).
    With principal predicate in perf. indic.:

    Pacuvius qui Syriam usu suam fecit, cum vino... sibi parentaverat,

    Sen. Ep. 12, 8; 108, 14.—
    b.
    With pluperf. subj., an imperf. indic. in principal sentence:

    cum fossam latam cubiculari lecto circumdedisset, ejusque transitum... conjunxisset, eum ipse detorquebat,

    Cic. Tusc. 5, 20, 59; id. Verr. 2, 3, 41, § 94:

    cum cohortes ex acie procucurrissent, Numidae... effugiebant, etc.,

    Caes. B. C. 2, 41:

    cum in jus duci debitorem vidissent, undique convolabant,

    Liv. 2, 27, 8; 25, 3, 11; 5, 48, 2.—
    4.
    In anterior clauses with imperf. subj.
    (α).
    When the principal clause expresses an immediate consequence ( = pluperf. subj.):

    Demaratus cum audiret dominationem Cypseli confirmari, defugit patriam ( = cum audivisset),

    Cic. Rep. 2, 19, 34; Caes. B. G. 5, 17 et saep.—
    (β).
    Where both verbs relate to one transaction, especially in remarks and replies:

    (Epaminondas) cum gravi vulnere exanimari se videret, quaesivit salvusne esset clipeus, etc.,

    Cic. Fin. 2, 30, 97:

    cum ex eo quaereretur quid esset dolus magnus, respondebat, etc.,

    id. Off. 3. 14, 60; id. Or. 2, 69, 278; id. Rosc. Am. 25, 70; Liv. 3, 71, 4 et saep.—
    (γ).
    When the principal action takes place during the action of the dependent clause:

    qui cum unum jam et alterum diem desideraretur, neque in eis locis inveniretur... liberti Asuvii in eum invadunt, etc.,

    Cic. Clu. 13, 38.—
    5.
    For the perf. indic. instead of pluperf. subj. v. C. 1. d. infra.
    C.
    In adverbial clauses of coincident time dependent on preterites ( = eo tempore quo), the clause with cum designating the time at which or during which the main action took place, when, as, while.[The theory of the use of tenses and moods in these clauses is not fully settled. The older grammarians require the indicative if cum denotes pure time, but the subjunctive if denoting cause or relations similar to cause. Zumpt and others acknowledge that the rule is frequently not observed, attributing this to the predilection of the Latin language for the subjunctive. Recently Hoffmann (Zeitpartikeln der Lateinischen Sprache, 1st ed. 1860; 2d ed. 1873) and Lubbert (Syntax von Quom, 1870) have advanced the theory that cum requires the indicative if denoting absolute time, but the subjunctive if denoting relative time. They define absolute time as time co-ordinate or parallel with, or logically independent of, the time of the principal action, which performs the function of a chronological date for the principal action, and they consider it as a criterion that the clause might have constituted an independent sentence; while relative time is logically subordinate to the principal action. Hoffmann condenses his theory in the following words: cum with indicative names and describes the time at which the action of the principal sentence took place; cum with the subjunctive, on the contrary, designates the point of time at which, or the space of time during which, the action expressed in the principal sentence commenced or ended. The chief objections to this theory are: (1) Its vagueness.—(2) The facts that in many instances cum with the subjunctive clearly dates the main action (C. 3. a. b, 2, and 4.; C. 3. a. 5.; C. 3. b. b, 3. and 5.; C. 3. b. g infra); that many of the subjunctive clauses with cum may be transformed into independent sentences (C. 3. b. b, 2. and 3. infra); that many indicative clauses with cum are logically subordinate to the main action (C. 3. a. a, 2. infra), and that when both moods are used in two co-ordinated clauses with cum belonging to the same main sentence, Hoffmann must account for the difference of the moods by explanations not drawn from his theory (Cic. Agr. 2, 64, 64; id. Clu. 30, 83; id. Div. 1, 43, 97; id. Fin. 2, 19, 61; id. de Or. 67, 272; Caes. B. C. 2, 17; Liv. 6, 40, 17; 30, 44, 10).—(3) The impossibility of clearly drawing the line between logical co-ordination and subordination; and the fact that, wherever it is drawn, there will be many passages not accounted for (cf. 1. init. and many passages under C. 3. a. a, 3.; C. 3. a. d; C. 3. b. g, etc.).—(4) That the supposed use of cum with the imperfect indicative is inconsistent with the received doctrine that the imperfect always designates a time relative to another time—a difficulty not satisfactorily met by Hoffman's assumption of an aoristic imperfect.]GENERAL RULE.—The predicate after cum is in the perfect indicative (or historical present) if the action is conceived as a point of time coincident with the time of the main action. It is either in the imperfect indicative or in the imperfect subjunctive if the action is conceived as occupying a period of time within which the main action took place (e. g.:

    quid enim meus frater ab arte adjuvari potuit, cum... furem se videre respondit? Quid in omni oratione Crassus... cum pro Cn. Plancio diceret?

    Cic. de Or. 2, 54, 220;

    where dicebat might stand for diceret, but not responderet for respondit: cum ad tribum Polliam ventum est, et praeco cunctaretur, etc.,

    Liv. 29, 37, 8; cf.:

    cum tecum Ephesi collocutus sum,

    Cic. Fam. 13, 55, 1; and:

    cum te Puteolis prosequerer,

    id. ib. 3, 10, 8: cum primum lex coepta ferri est, Liv 3, 14, 4; and: cum [p. 492] ferretur lex, id. 5, 30, 4;

    also,

    Cic. Fam. 4, 3, 1, and Liv. 3, 58, 7).
    1.
    Both predicates in the perf. indic. (or histor. pres.), both clauses denoting points of time (the principal predicate may be in any verbal form implying a perfect).
    a.
    The clause expressing a momentary action:

    posticulum hoc recepit quom aedis vendidit, Flaut. Trin. 1, 2, 157: scilicet qui dudum tecum venit cum pallam mihi Detulisti,

    id. Men. 2, 3, 46; prol. 62; id. Poen. 4, 2, 82; id. Ep. 2, 2, 33; Ter. Hec. 4, 1, 57; id. Heaut. 2, 3, 21 et saep.:

    non tum cum emisti fundum Tusculanum, in leporario apri fuerunt,

    Varr. R. R. 3, 3, 8:

    in judiciis quanta vis esset didicit cum est absolutus,

    Cic. Tog. Cand. Fragm. 4:

    per tuas statuas vero cum dixit, vehementer risimus,

    id. de Or. 2, 59, 242:

    cum occiditur Sex. Roscius, (servi) ibidem fuerunt,

    id. Rosc. Am. 41, 120; id. Verr. 2, 2, 29, § 70; 1, 4, 11; 2, 2, 66, § 160; 2, 3, 47, § 112; id. Caecin. 29, 85; id. Sest. 55, 157; id. Phil. 2, 9, 21; id. Rep. 6, 22, 24; id. Fam. 9, 15, 2; id. Att. 2, 1, 5 et saep.:

    tunc flesse decuit cum adempta sunt nobis arma,

    Liv. 3, 55, 10; 10, 6, 8; 28, 42, 14; 42, 46, 1; Vitr. 2, 8, 12; 2, 1, 7; 2, 9, 15;

    6, 7, 4: semel dumtaxat vultum mutavit, tunc cum... anulum in profundum dejecit,

    Val. Max. 6, 9, 6; 8, 8, ext. 1; 9, 1, ext. 1;

    9, 8, 1: rerum natura... cum visum est deinde, (filium tuum) repetiit,

    Sen. Cons. Polyb. 10, 4; 11, 2; id. Q. N. 1, 11, 3; 6, 25, 4:

    accepimus et serpentem latrasse cum pulsus est regno Tarquinius,

    Plin. 8, 41, 63, § 153; 2, 24, 22, § 90; 2, 52, 53, § 139; Suet. Claud. 21; Hor. S. 2, 3, 61; Ov. Tr. 5, 11, 8; Tib. 3, 5, 18; Mart. 5, 49, 9.—So, cum primum, when first, the first time that, as soon as:

    jube vinum dari: jam dudum factum'st quom primum bibi,

    Plaut. As. 5, 2, 40; id. Cas. prol. 17; Ter. Hec. alt. prol. 31; id. And. prol. 1; id. Eun. 3, 3, 4:

    Pompeius cum primum contionem habuit... ostendit, etc.,

    Cic. Verr. 1, 15, 45; id. Fam. 2, 9, 1; Liv. 3, 55, 10; 25, 6, 2; 25, 29, 4; 31, 3, 1; 40, 8, 1; 42, 34, 3; Curt. 6, 11, 23; but with imperf. subj. when referring to a per. of time:

    ipse cum primum pabuli copia esse inciperet, ad exercitum venit,

    Caes. B. G. 2, 2.—In the poets and later writers, the imperf. subj. often occurs where classic prose has the perf. indic.:

    effice ut idem status sit cum exigis qui fuit cum promitterem,

    Sen. Ben. 4, 39, 4:

    tum lacrimare debueras cum equo calcaria subderes,

    Curt. 7, 2, 6; Suet. Claud. 6; Ov. P. 4, 12, 28.—
    b.
    If the clause denotes a state, condition, or action of longer duration, it takes the perf. indic. if asserted as a complete fact without regard to what happened during its progress (virtual point of time):

    in quem Juppiter se convertit cum exportavit per mare... Europen,

    Varr. R. R. 2, 5, 5:

    ne cum in Sicilia quidem (bellum) fuit... pars ejus belli in Italiam ulla pervasit,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 2, § 6:

    nempe eo (lituo) Romulus regiones direxit tum cum urbem condidit,

    id. Div. 1, 17, 30; id. Verr. 2, 3, 54, § 125; id. Lig. 7, 20; id. Rep. 3, 32, 44:

    non tibi, cum in conspectu Roma fuit, succurrit? etc.,

    Liv. 2, 40, 7; 34, 3, 7; Nep. Iphicr. 2, 4; id. Pelop. 4, 3.—
    c.
    With perf. indic., by the time when, before, referring to facts which actually occurred before the action of the principal sentence:

    ab Anaximandro moniti Lacedaemonii sunt ut urbem... linquerent, quod terrae motus instaret, tum cum... urbs tota corruit,

    Cic. Div. 1, 50, 112; Liv. 22, 36, 4; 34, 31, 15; Prop. 2, 32 (3, 30), 53.—
    d.
    With perf. indic. when actions in immediate sequence are represented as coincident:

    ad quem cum accessimus, Appio, subridens, Recipis nos, inquit, etc.,

    Varr. R. R. 3, 2, 2:

    me primus dolor percussit, Cotta cum est expulsus,

    Cic. Brut. 89, 303:

    itaque ne tum quidem cum classem perdidisti, Mamertinis navem imperare ausus es,

    id. Verr. 2, 5, 23, § 59:

    haec cum facta sunt in concilio, magna spe et laetitia omnium discessum est,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 87:

    cum Thessalos in armis esse nuntiatum est, Ap. Claudium... senatus misit,

    Liv. 42, 5, 8:

    Gracchus cum ex Sardinia rediit, orationem ad populum habuit,

    Gell. 15, 12, 1; Cic. Imp. Pomp. 1, 2; id. Deiot. 6, 17; id. Top. 16, 61; id. Div. 1, 43, 98; id. Fam. 5, 21, 2; Liv. 4, 44, 10; 4, 60, 8; 9, 25, 2; 22, 14, 12; Nep. Dat. 11, 1; Suet. Caes. 31; Gell. 1, 23, 5; Prop. 3, 20, 37 (4, 21, 7).—Hence a perf. indic. in co-ordination with pluperf. subj.: cum sol nocte visus esset... et cum caelum discessisse visum est (decemviri ad libros ire jussi sunt), Cic. Div. 1, 43, 97.—
    2.
    With a perf. indic. (or histor. pres.), the principal predicate in imperf.
    a.
    The action falling within the time of the principal predicate:

    set Stalagmus quojus erat tunc nationis, quom hinc abit?

    Plaut. Capt. 4, 2, 107; id. Rud. 3, 6, 9; Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 51:

    haec Crassi oratio cum edita est, quattuor et triginta tum habebat annos, etc.,

    Cic. Brut. 43, 161:

    eo cum venio, praetor quiescebat,

    id. Verr. 2, 4, 14, § 32; 2, 5, 69, § 178; id. Fl. 13, 20; id. Pis. 1, 2; id. Lig. 1, 3; id. Phil. 2, 21, 52; 3, 4, 11; id. Fam. 13, 35, 2; id. Att. 6, 1, 13:

    cum Caesari in Galliam venit, alterius factionis principes erant Aedui, alterius Sequani,

    Caes. B. G. 6, 12; Sall. J. 71, 1:

    cum haec accepta clades est, jam C. Horatius et T. Menenius consules erant,

    Liv. 2, 51, 1; 21, 39, 4; 23, 49, 5; 28, 27, 14; 34, 16, 6;

    45, 39, 1: merito me non adgnoscis, nam cum hoc factum est, integer eram,

    Sen. Ben. 5, 24, 3.—Post-class. writers generally use imperf. subj.:

    beneficium ei videberis dedisse cui tunc inimicissimus eras cum dares?

    Sen. Ben. 5, 19, 7:

    bona quoque, quae tunc habuit cum damnaretur, publicabuntur,

    Dig. 28, 18, § 1:

    pauper Fabricius (erat) Pyrrhi cum sperneret aurum,

    Claud. IV. Cons. Hon. 413.—
    b.
    The action strictly anterior to the principal sentence, rare (1. d.): nam quod conabar cum interventum'st dicere, nunc expedibo, Pac. ap. Non. p. 505, 3 (Trag. Rel. v. 65 Rib.):

    cum est ad nos adlatum de temeritate eorum, etc., cetera mihi facillima videbantur... multaque mihi veniebant in mentem, etc.,

    Cic. Fam. 3, 10, 1; Sall. C. 51, 32; Verg. A. 6, 515; id. E. 3, 14.—
    3.
    The predicate after cum conceived as a period or space of time (including repeated action) is either in the imperf. indic. or imperf. subj. [In ante-classical writers and Cicero the imperf. indic. very frequent, and largely prevailing over the subj., except that when the principal predicate denotes a point of time (with perf.), Cicero commonly uses the subj.; the imperf. indic. occurs in Cicero 241 times; in Caesar once with the force of a relativeclause (B. G. 1, 40, 5), and 3 times of repeated action; in Nep. once of repeated action (Att. 9, 6); in Sall. twice (J. 31, 20; id. H. 1, 48, 6 Dietsch); in Liv. 22 times; in Verg. 4 times; in Ovid twice; in Tib. twice; in Prop. 3 times; in Val. Max. twice; then it disappears (except once each in Tac. and Mart.), but reappears in Gaius (3 times), Gellius (twice), and the Gallic panegyrists (several times)].
    a.
    Both predicates denoting spaces of time, the principal predicate always in the imperf. indic. unless the mood is changed by other influences.
    (α).
    Cum with the imperf. indic. (1) In express or implied opposition to other periods of time, esp. with tum or tunc:

    eademne erat haec disciplina tibi quom tu adulescens eras?

    Plaut. Bacch. 3, 3, 17:

    alium esse censes nunc me atque olim quom dabam?

    Ter. And. 3, 3, 13; Plaut. Capt. 2, 1, 50; id. Most. 1, 3, 64; id. Mil. 2, 2, 26; Ter. And. 1, 1, 69; Enn. ap. Cic. Brut. 19, 76 (Ann. v. 222 Vahl.):

    qui cum plures erant, paucis nobis exaequari non poterant, hi postquam pauciores sunt, etc.,

    Auct. Her. 4, 18, 25:

    qui (Pompeius) cum omnes Caesarem metuebamus ipse eum diligebat, postquam ille metuere coepit, etc.,

    Cic. Att. 8, 1, 4:

    res per eosdem creditores per quos cum tu aderas agebatur,

    id. Fam. 1, 1, 1 (cf.:

    Senatus consultum factum est de ambitu in Afranii sententiam quam ego dixeram cum tu adesses,

    id. Q. Fr. 2, 9, 3):

    Trebellium valde jam diligit: oderat tum cum ille tabulis novis adversabatur,

    id. Phil. 6, 4, 11:

    non tam id sentiebam cum fruebar, quam tunc cum carebam,

    id. Red. Quir. 1, 3:

    etenim tunc esset hoc animadvertendum cum classis Syracusis proficiebatur,

    id. Verr. 2, 5, 43, § 111 (so 111 times in Cicero, including the instances where the principal predicate is in the perf.):

    cum captivis redemptio negabatur, nos vulgo homines laudabant, nunc deteriore condicione sumus, etc.,

    Liv. 25, 6, 14; 10, 7, 2; 33, 34, 3; 34, 4, 10; 44, 36, 8; 45, 38, 1; Ov. P. 2, 6, 9; id. M. 13, 473; Val. Max. 6, 3, 1; 4, 1, 10; Mart. 12, 70, 10; Gai Inst. 1, 184; Eum. Grat. Act. 6; cf.: cur eum, cum in consilium iretur, Cluentius et Canutius abesse patiebantur? Cur cum in consilium mittebant, Stajenum judicem qui pecuniam dederant, non requirebant? Cic. Clu. 30, 83 (cum iretur, of the time when the judges retired; cum mittebant, of the previous time, when the parties were asked about the closing of the case; opp. cum iretur).—Poets, even in the class. per., sometimes use the subj. in dependence upon the indic.:

    hic subito quantus cum viveret esse solebat, Exit humo,

    Ov. M. 13, 441. —(2) The principal predicate denoting a mental act or reflection occasioned by, or accompanying the action of the clause with cum (mostly ante-class. and in Cicero):

    desipiebam mentis cum illa scripta mittebam tibi,

    Plaut. Ep. 1, 2, 35; id. Aul. 2, 2, 1; id. Ps. 1, 5, 86:

    sed tu cum et tuos amicos in provinciam quasi in praedam invitabas, et cum eis praedabare, et... non statuebas tibi rationem esse reddendam?

    Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 11, § 29:

    illas res tantas cum gerebam, non mihi mors, non exsilium ob oculos versabatur?

    id. Sest. 21, 47; id. Cat. 3, 1, 3; 3, 7, 16; id. Verr. 2, 2, 10, § 26; 2, 2, 13, § 33; 2, 2, 35, § 86; 2, 3, 86, § 198; 2, 5, 21, § 54; id. Fl. 1, 1; id. Deiot. 1, 3; 8, 23; id. Pis. 24, 56 and 57; id. Ac. 2, 28, 89; id. Or. 13, 41; id. Tusc. 2, 15, 43; id. Fam. 7, 9, 5 (22 times); Sall. H. 1, 48, 6 Dietsch (cf.:

    num P. Decius cum se devoveret, et equo admisso in mediam aciem Latinorum inruebat, aliquid... cogitabat?

    Cic. Fin. 2, 19, 61; cum se devoveret explains the circumstances of inruebat; hence acc. to 3. a. b, 2. in subj.; cf. Madv. ad loc., who reads devoverat).—(3) If the predicate after cum has a meaning peculiar to the imperf. indic., which by the use of the subj. would be effaced: quod erat os tuum, cum videbas eos homines, quorum ex bonis istum anulus aureus donabas? (descriptive imperf.) Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 80, § 187; so,

    fulgentis gladios hostium videbant Decii, cum in aciem eorum inruebant,

    id. Tusc. 2, 24, 59: cum de plebe consulem non accipiebat ( = accipere nolebat, conative imperf.), id. Brut. 14, 55:

    cum vim quae esset in sensibus explicabamus, etc.,

    id. Ac. 2, 12, 37 (the verbum dicendi refers to a certain stage in the discourse, for which Cicero uses the imperf. indic. in independent sentences, e. g. N. D. 3, 29, 71; 3, 6, 15; de Or. 1, 53, 230; 2, 19, 83; 2, 84, 341); so,

    equidem... risum vix tenebam, cum Attico Lysiae Catonem nostrum comparabas,

    id. Brut. 8, 293:

    cum censebam,

    id. de Or. 1, 62, 264:

    cum dicebam,

    id. Fam. 6, 1, 5:

    cum ponebas,

    id. Fin. 2, 19, 63; so esp. in Cicero's letters the phrase cum haec scribebam = while I am writing this, to preserve the meaning of an epistolary tense, referring to a state, condition, or action in progress at the time of writing the letter:

    res, cum haec scribebam, erat in extremum adducta discrimen,

    id. Fam. 12, 6, 2; 3, 12, 2; 5, 12, 2; 6, 4, 1; id. Att. 5, 20, 5 et saep.; cum haec scriberem, scripsissem, scripsi, are not epistolary tenses, but refer to events happening after the letter or part of it was finished, = when I wrote, had written, id. ib. 2, 15, 3; 10, 4, 7; 4, 10, 2; id. Q. Fr. 3, 1, 6, § 19; Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 6, 5; 8, 13, 2;

    sometimes cum dabam = cum scribebam,

    Cic. Fam. 12, 16, 3 (but cf.:

    cum scriberem, as epistolary tense, in oblique discourse,

    id. Att. 15, 13, 7).—(4) The coincidence in time of two actions is made emphatic, = eo ipso tempore quo:

    tum cum insula Delos... nihil timebat, non modo provinciis sed etiam Appia via jam carebamus,

    Cic. Imp. Pomp. 18, 55; id. Phil. 1, 15, 36; 13, 8, 17; id. Sull. 10, 31; id. Tusc. 2, 8, 20; id. Off. 3, 27, 100; id. Dom. 45, 118.—
    (β).
    The predicate after cum is in the imperf. subj. (1) To impart to the clause a causal, adversative or concessive meaning besides the temporal relation:

    antea cum equester ordo judicaret, improbi magistratus in provinciis inserviebant publicanis (a logical consequence),

    Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 41, § 94:

    sed cum jam honores (Hortensii) et illa senior auctoritas gravius quiddam requireret, remanebat idem (dicendi genus) nec decebat idem,

    id. Brut. 95, 327; id. Phil. 1, 1, 1; id. Rosc. Am. 15, 42; 16, 45; id. Pis. 10, 2; Liv. 25, 13, 1; 26, 5, 1.—(2) To indicate circumstances under which the main action took place, and by which it is explained:

    Flaminius, cum tripudio auspicaretur, pullarius diem differebat, etc.,

    Cic. Div. 1, 35, 77: [p. 493] equidem cum peterem magistratum, solebam in prensando dimittere a me Scaevolam, id. de Or. 1, 24, 112; id. Inv. 2, 17, 52; Liv. 41, 1, 2 (cf. 3. b. b, 3.).—(3) To describe the locality of the main action: quom essem in provincia legatus, quam plures ad praetores et consules vinum honorarium dabant, Cato ap. Isid. Orig. 20, 3, 8:

    Zenonem cum Athenis essem audiebam frequenter,

    Cic. N. D. 1, 21, 59; 1, 28, 79; id. Tusc. 2, 14, 34; id. Fam. 3, 8, 5; id. Att. 2, 11, 1; 12, 5, 4; 16, 14, 1; id. Verr. 2, 4, 12, § 29; Liv. 5, 54, 3 (cf. 3. b. b, 4.).—(4) To designate the time of the main action as a condition:

    cum ageremus vitae supremum diem, scribebamus hoc,

    Cic. Fin. 4, 27, 54:

    cum jam in exitu annus esset, Q. Marcius... magistratu abiturus erat,

    Liv. 39, 23, 1 (cf. 3. b. b, 5.).—
    (γ).
    If both the clause with cum and the principal predicate denote repeated action, the predicate with cum in class. prose is in the imperf. indic. or subj. according to the rules under a and b; the principal predicate being always in the imperf. indic.; but in ante-class. writers cum has always the imperf. indic. (1) Imperf. indic.:

    tum mi aedes quoque arridebant, quom ad te veniebam, tuae,

    Plaut. As. 1, 3, 55; id. Am. 1, 1, 45; id. Rud. 4, 7, 25 sqq.; Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 19; Cinc. de Re Mil. ap. Gell. 16, 4, 5; Asell. ap. Gell. 2, 13, 4; Cic. Att. 2, 7, 4; id. Verr. 2, 2, 13, § 34; Caes. B. C. 1, 79, 2; Gai Inst. 2, 101; Pacat. Pan. 9 fin.:

    cum a nostro Catone laudabar vel reprehendi me a ceteris facile patiebar,

    Cic. Or. 13, 41; so Nep. Att. 9, 6.—To distinguish from adversative relations, as Cic. Rosc. Com. 3, 9; id. Att. 12, 39, 2; id. de Or. 1, 14, 62; Caes. B. C. 3, 44, 6; Gai Inst. 2, 254.—If only the clause with cum, but not the principal predicate, denotes repeated action, the latter is in the perf., the former in imperf. indic., Caes. B. C. 2, 17; Cic. Arch. 5, 10.—(2) Imperf. subj., mostly denoting circumstances to explain the main action: cum dilectus antiquitus fieret... tribunus militaris adigebat, etc., Cinc. de Re Mil. ap. Gell. 16, 4, 2:

    Hortensius cum partiretur tecum causas, prorogandi locum semper tibi relinquebat,

    Cic. Brut. 51, 190; id. Div. 1, 45, 102; id. de Or. 1, 54, 232; id. Brut. 62, 222; Liv. 3, 66, 2; 5, 25, 12:

    ex hoc effectos panes, cum in colloquiis Pompeiani famem nostris objectarent, vulgo in eos jaciebant (causal),

    Caes. B. C. 3, 48; Cic. Fin. 2, 19, 62; so,

    according to class. usage,

    Sen. Ep. 86, 11; Curt. 5, 2, 7; 6, 5, 18; 7, 3, 13; Suet. Caes. 65;

    contrary to class. usage,

    Val. Max. 3, 6, 6; Sen. Ep. 30, 7; 77, 8; Tac. H. 2, 91; Spart. Had. 18. —
    (δ).
    In other instances (which are rare), both moods occur, either without any discrimination, or for special reasons. (1) Ante-class.:

    nam quom modo exibat foras, ad portum se aibat ire,

    Plaut. Rud. 2, 2, 2. —(2) Class.:

    ut, cum L. Opimii causam defendebat, C. Carbo nihil de Gracchi nece negabat, sed id jure factum esse dicebat,

    Cic. de Or. 2, 25, 106 (cf.:

    nuper cum ego C. Sergii Oratae... causam defenderem, nonne omnis nostra in jure versata defensio est?

    id. ib. 1, 39, 178; in each of these sentences the clause with cum sustains exactly the same relation to the principal predicate; but the former has the imperf. in the principal sentence, and in this connection Cic. prefers the indic. after cum):

    similiter arbitror... illum (oratorem) de toto illo genere non plus quaesiturum esse, quid dicat, quam Polycletum illum, cum Herculem fingebat, quem ad modum pellem aut hydram fingeret (fingebat, for euphony, in view of the foll. fingeret),

    id. de Or. 2, 16, 70; cf.:

    nec vero ille artifex cum faceret Jovis formam... contemplabatur aliquem, e quo similitudinem duceret,

    id. Or. 2, 9.—Without assignable reason:

    casu, cum legerem tuas litteras, Hirtius erat apud me,

    Cic. Att. 15, 1, 2; cf.:

    Hasdrubal tum forte cum haec gerebantur, apud Syphacem erat,

    Liv. 29, 31, 1:

    cum haec Romae agebantur, Chalcide Antiochus ipse sollicitabat civitatium animos, etc.,

    id. 36, 5, 1; cf.:

    cum haec in Hispania gererentur, comitiorum jam appetebat dies,

    id. 35, 8, 1 (Weissenb. gerebantur):

    cum haec agebantur, Chalcide erat Antiochus,

    id. 36, 15, 1; cf.:

    cum haec agerentur jam consul via Labicana ad fanum Quietis erat,

    id. 4, 41, 8; 35, 2, 1.—(3) PostAug. writers almost always use imperf. subj., disregarding the class. usage: ipsa fruebatur arte cum pingeret (cf. a, 2.), Sen. Ep. 9, 7; id. Cons. Marc. 23, 3; Plin. Pan. 34:

    tunc erat mendacio locus cum ignota essent externa... nunc vero, etc. (opposition of times),

    Sen. Q. N. 4, 2, 24; so id. Ep. 97, 9; Mart. 2, 61, 1; cf. Don. ad Ter. And. 3, 3, 13 (3. a. a, 1. supra):

    cum haec proderem habebant et Caesares juvenes sturnum, etc.,

    Plin. 10, 41, 59, § 120.—
    b.
    If the principal predicate denotes a point of time, and the predicate with cum a period of time, the former is in the perf. indic. unless changed by construction; the latter
    (α).
    In the imperf. indic., according to the rules a. a, except 2. (1) When the time of the cum clause is opposed to other periods of time:

    res quom animam agebat tum esse offusam oportuit,

    Plaut. Trin. 4, 3, 85; id. Truc. 4, 2, 20; id. Ep. 3, 3, 50 (3, 4, 21); id. Most. 5, 1, 68:

    quod cum res agebatur nemo in me dixit, id tot annis post tu es inventus qui diceres?

    Cic. Phil. 2, 9, 22; id. Rep. 2, 23, 43; id. Div. 1, 41, 92; 1, 45, 101; id. Ac. 2, 28, 90; id. Quint. 19, 60; 17, 54; 19, 61; id. Verr. 2, 3, 90, § 210 et saep.; Liv. 22, 60, 25; Verg. A. 4, 597; Tib. 1, 10, 8; 1, 10, 19; Prop. 2, 1, 31; 5 (4), 10, 24.—The subj. may be used if the principal action is represented as a consequence or result:

    o, Astaphium, haut isto modo solita's me ante appellare, Sed blande, quom illuc quod aput vos nunc est, aput me haberem,

    Plaut. Truc. 1, 2, 60 (Lubbert conjectures habebam); Cic. Off. 2, 1, 2 and 3; id. Fin. 4, 27, 54; id. Rosc. Am. 4, 11; id. Verr. 2, 3, 57, § 130; id. Mur. 3, 8; Liv. 5, 53, 9; 10, 6, 9; 43, 21, 1;

    44, 39, 7.— Hence the mood may change in co-ordinate clauses: tum, cum haberet haec res publica Luscinos, Calatinos, etc., homines... patientia paupertatis ornatos, et tum, cum erant Catones, Phili, etc., tamen hujusce modi res commissa nemini est (haberet, concessive),

    Cic. Agr. 2, 24, 64.—(2) To make emphatic the coincidence of time, = eo ipso tempore (a. a, 4.):

    cum is triumphus de Liguribus agebatur, Ligures... coloniam ipsam ceperunt,

    Liv. 41, 14, 1; Cic. Sest. 26, 56; id. Phil. 2, 36, 90; id. Div. 2, 1, 3; id. Verr. 2, 5, 37, § 97; id. Att. 1, 4, 1.—(3) To preserve the peculiar force of the imperf. indic. (a. a, 3.): cum iste jam decedebat, ejus modi litteras ad eos misit, etc. (conative imperf.), Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 70, § 172:

    cum Africanus censor tribu movebat centurionem... inquit,

    id. de Or. 2, 67, 272 (cf.:

    cum (censor) M. Antistio equum ademisset,

    id. ib. 2, 71, 287).—
    (β).
    With the imperf. subj. (1) Always when cum means while (time during which): quomque caput caderet, carmen tuba sola peregit et, etc., Enn. ap. Lact. ad Stat. Th. 11, 56 (Ann. v. 508 Vahl.):

    magistratus quom ibi adesset, occepta'st agi,

    Ter. Eun. prol. 22 (Lubbert conjectures adsedit); Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 1 (Ann. v. 106 Vahl.):

    Alexandrum uxor sua, cum simul cubaret, occidit,

    Cic. Inv. 2, 49, 144:

    armati, cum sui utrosque adhortarentur... in medium inter duas acies procedunt,

    Liv. 1, 25, 1; Varr. R. R. 2, 81; Auct. Her. 4, 52, 65; Cic. Brut. 3, 10; id. Clu. 62, 175; Caes. B. G. 2, 19; id. B. C. 3, 57; Liv. 1, 30, 8; 10, 30, 3 et saep.—(2) To connect a logical (causal, etc.) relation with the temporal meaning (a. b, 1.):

    cum ille Romuli senatus... temptaret ut ipse gereret sine rege rem publicam, populus id non tulit,

    Cic. Rep. 2, 12, 23:

    an pater familiarissimis suis succensuit cum Sullam et defenderent et laudarent? (causal),

    id. Sull. 17, 49:

    tum cum bello sociorum tota Italia arderet, homo non acerrimus... C. Norbanus in summo otio fuit (concessive),

    id. Verr. 2, 5, 4, § 8:

    quibus rebus cum unus in civitate maxime floreret, incidit in eandem invidiam, etc. (adversative),

    Nep. Cim. 3, 1:

    sed cum jam appropinquantium forma lemborum haud dubia esset... tunc injecta trepidatio est,

    Liv. 44, 28, 10; Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 90, § 211; id. Clu. 31, 84; id. Mur. 3, 8; id. Phil. 3, 2, 3; id. Tusc. 1, 2, 4; Auct. Her. 4, 24, 33; Caes. B. C. 2, 7; Liv. 25, 9, 10; 21, 41, 12.—(3) To explain the main fact by circumstances:

    quem quidem hercle ego, in exilium quom iret, redduxi domum,

    Plaut. Merc. 5, 4, 19:

    consule me, cum esset designatus tribunus, obtulit in discrimen vitam suam,

    Cic. Sest. 28, 61:

    haec epistula est, quam nos, in aedibus Apronii cum litteras conquireremus, invenimus,

    id. Verr. 2, 3, 66, § 154: Socrates, cum XXX. tyranni essent, pedem porta non extulit, id. Att. 8, 2, 4:

    Brundusii cum loquerer cum Phania, veni in eum sermonem ut dicerem, etc.,

    id. Fam. 3, 5, 3:

    itaque, cum populum in curias triginta divideret, nomina earum (Sabinarum) curiis imposuit,

    Liv. 1, 13, 6:

    Ap. Claudius, ovans cum in urbem iniret, decem milia pondo argenti, etc., in aerarium tulit,

    id. 41, 28, 6; Cic. Clu. 20, 55; id. Phil. 12, 8, 20; id. Scaur. 47; id. Inv. 2, 31, 96; id. Tusc. 2, 22, 53; id. Div. 1, 52, 119; id. Off. 2, 8, 27; id. Or. 2, 55, 225 sq.; id. Fam. 1, 9, 13; 6, 6, 5; Liv. 1, 39, 4; 3, 63, 6; 4, 53, 11 et saep.—(4) To describe the place of the main action (a. a, 3.):

    cum essem in castris ad fluvium Pyramum, redditae mihi sunt uno tempore a te epistulae duae,

    Cic. Fam. 3, 11, 1;

    so with cum essem (essemus, etc.),

    id. ib. 2, 19, 1; 3, 4, 1; 13, 56, 1; id. Att. 1, 10, 1; 14, 19, 1; id. Ac. 1, 1, 1; id. Rep. 1, 39, 61; Varr. R. R. 3, 13; Caes. B. G. 4, 11 et saep.:

    Eumenes rex ab Roma cum in regnum rediret... mactatus est ( = on the journey),

    Liv. 42, 40, 8:

    Agesilaus cum ex Aegypto reverteretur... in morbum implicitus decessit,

    Nep. Ages. 8, 6.—The perf. indic. (cum fui, etc.) refers to temporary visits to a place:

    Gallo narravi, cum proxime Romae fui, quid audissem,

    Cic. Att. 13, 49, 2:

    proxime cum in patria mea fui, venit ad me, etc.,

    Plin. Ep. 4, 13, 3.—(5) To designate the time by natural occurrences (a. a, 4.):

    ipsi comprehensi a me, cum jam dilucesceret, deducuntur,

    Cic. Cat. 3, 3, 6:

    cum advesperasceret, cum lucesceret,

    id. Fam. 15, 4, 8:

    cum lux appropinquaret,

    id. Tull. 9, 21:

    cum dies instaret,

    id. Inv. 2, 31, 96:

    cum comitiorum tempus adpeteret,

    Liv. 28, 10, 1:

    cum dies comitiorum adpropinquaret,

    id. 3, 34, 7; 10, 13, 2.—But when a date is given as a point of time, the perf. indic. is used:

    cum ea dies venit,

    Liv. 4, 44, 10; 6, 20, 4.—(6) When the action of the cum clause is interrupted or ended by the main action:

    cum hanc jam epistulam complicarem, tabellarii a vobis venerunt, etc.,

    Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 1, 5, § 17:

    L. Octavius, cum multas jam causas diceret, adulescens est mortuus,

    id. Brut. 68, 241:

    cum plures jam tribus dicto esse audientem pontifici duumvirum juberent... ultimum de caelo quod comitia turbaret intervenit,

    Liv. 40, 42, 10:

    cum maxime conquereretur apud patres... repente strepitus ante curiam... auditur,

    id. 8, 33, 4:

    haec cum maxime dissereret, intervenit Tarquinius,

    id. 1, 50, 7;

    so with cum maxime,

    Cic. Fam. 1, 5, a, 2; Liv. 23, 24, 6; 30, 33, 12.—(7) If the clause with cum has the force of a participial adjunct of the principal predicate (cum diceret = dicens, or dicendo):

    Caesarem saepe accusavit, cum adfirmaret illum numquam, dum haec natio viveret, sine cura futurum ( = adfirmans, or adfirmando),

    Cic. Sest. 63, 132:

    Antigonus in proelio, cum adversus Seleucum dimicaret, occisus est ( = dimicans),

    Nep. Reg. 3, 2:

    impulit ut cuperem habere, cum diceret,

    Varr. R. R. 3, 2, 8; Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 9 (11), 3; id. Clu. 42, 119; 56, 153; id. pro Corn. Maj. Fragm. 16; id. Mil. 5, 12; id. de Or. 1, 57, 243; id. Or. 37, 129; id. Fin. 1, 5, 16; id. Inv. 2, 34, 105; Val. Max. 1, 2, ext. 1; Ov. P. 1, 9, 42.—(8) In the historians, in a summary reference to events already related:

    cum haec in Achaia atque apud Dyrrhachium gererentur... Caesar mittit, etc.,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 57:

    cum civitas in opere ac labore adsiduo reficiendae urbis teneretur, interim Q. Fabio... dicta dies est,

    Liv. 6, 1, 6:

    cum hic status in Boeotia esset, Perseus... misit,

    id. 42, 56, 10; 33, 36, 1; 34, 22, 3; 38, 8, 1; 42, 64, 1; 45, 11, 1.—
    (γ).
    In all other cases the imperf. subj. is regularly used in class. prose, even if the action of the clause with cum is logically independent of the principal sentence:

    illum saepe audivi, hic, cum ego judicare jam aliquid possem, abfuit,

    Cic. Brut. 71, 248: senatus consultum est factum de ambitu in Afranii sententiam, in quam ego dixeram, cum tu adesses. id. Q. Fr. 2, 7 (9), 3; so always (class.) with cum maxime, precisely when, just when:

    cum maxime haec in senatu agerentur, Canuleius... (ad populum) ita disseruit,

    Liv. 4, 3, 1:

    cum maxime Capua circumvallaretur, Syracusarum oppugnatio ad finem venit,

    id. 25, 23, 1.—In a very few instances the imperf. indic. occurs without apparent reason: an vero cum honos agebatur familiae vestrae... succensuit [p. 494] pater tuus cum Sullam defenderent (probably to distinguish the two cum clauses), Cic. Sull. 17, 49 (cf.:

    cum jus amicitiae, societatis, adfinitatis ageretur, cum, etc., eo tempore tu non modo non... retulisti, sed ne ipse quidem, etc.,

    id. Quint. 16, 53):

    ille versus, qui in te erat collatus cum aedilitatem petebas,

    id. Q. Fr. 1, 3, 8:

    cum ex oppido exportabatur (Dianae statua) quem conventum mulierum factum esse arbitramini?... Quid hoc tota Sicilia est clarius quam omnes convenisse cum Diana exportaretur ex oppido? etc.,

    id. Verr. 2, 4, 35, § 77.—Poets and post-class. writers frequently disregard the class. usage, the former by using either mood instead of the other, the latter by the un-Ciceronian use of the subj.; v. Prop. 2, 9, 15; 5 (4), 4, 10; Tib. 1, 10, 16; Verg. A. 7, 148; 12, 735; Mart. 13, 122; Curt. 8, 12, 16; 9, 2, 24; Quint. 11, 1, 89; Plin. 36, 6, 5, § 46; Dig. 28, 1, 22, § 1; Gell. strangely uses an imperf. indic. where class. writers would use a subj.:

    sed ego, homines cum considerabam, alterum fidei, alterum probri plenum, nequaquam adduci potui ad absolvendum,

    Gell. 14, 2, 10; cf.:

    cum secum reputavit,

    Tac. A. 15, 54.
    D.
    In adverbial clauses denoting identity of action (if the principal sentence and the clause with cum denote not different actions, but one action, which, expressed by the latter clause, is by the principal sentence defined in its meaning and import, the clause with cum always takes the indic., except once or twice post-class., and almost always the same tense as the principal sentence), when, by, in, etc.
    1.
    The predicate in present:

    amice facis Quom me laudas,

    Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 31; id. Poen. 3, 2, 12; 3, 5, 15; Ter. And. prol. 18; id. Ad. 1, 2, 16 et saep.:

    bene facitis cum venitis,

    Auct. Her. 4, 50, 63:

    quae cum taces, nulla esse concedis,

    Cic. Rosc. Am. 19, 54; 21, 58; id. Clu. 47, 132; Liv. 25, 6, 5 et saep.—
    2.
    With fut. (rare):

    cum igitur proferent aliquid hujusmodi... inventum proferent,

    Cic. Inv. 1, 40, 75; id. Fl. 39, 99; Plin. Ep. 7, 24, 9.—
    3.
    With fut. perf. (rare):

    quod cum dederis, illud dederis ut is absolvatur,

    Cic. Div. in Caecil. 7, 23; id. Lig. 12, 36; id. Part. Or. 39; Auct. Her. 4, 30, 41.—
    4.
    With perf.:

    fecisti furtum quom istaec flagitia me celavisti et patrem,

    Plaut. Bacch. 1, 2, 60; 1, 2, 52; id. Cas. 4, 4, 18 (22); id. Capt. 2, 3, 52; Ter. Phorm. prol. 32 et saep.:

    loco ille motus est cum ex urbe est depulsus,

    Cic. Cat. 2, 1, 1; id. Verr. 2, 5, 23, § 59; id. Fam. 11, 29, 2; id. Rosc. Am. 14, 39; Liv. 5, 49, 8; 9, 8, 4; Val. Max. 3, 7, ext. 1; Curt. 6, 10, 9; Quint. 1, 10, 47 et saep.—
    5.
    With histor. pres.:

    Orestes cum se defendit, in matrem confert crimen,

    Auct. Her. 1, 15, 25.—
    6.
    With imperf.:

    cum grandiorem aetatem ad consulatum constituebant, adulescentiae temeritatem verebantur,

    Cic. Phil. 5, 17, 47; 14, 10, 28; id. Fl. 33, 83; id. Lig. 6, 18; id. Fam. 6, 1, 3; id. Off. 3, 10, 40; id. Sen. 6, 15 et saep.—
    7.
    Imperf. with perf. ( poet. and post-class.;

    very rare): quid quod et ominibus certis prohibebar amori Indulgere meo, tum cum mihi ferre jubenti Excidit et fecit spes nostras cera caducas,

    Ov. M. 9, 595 sq.; Val. Max. 9, 1, 5.—
    8.
    With pluperf. (very rare):

    exspectationem nobis non parvam attuleras cum scripseras, etc.,

    Cic. Att. 3, 18, 1; id. Sest. 16, 37.—
    * 9.
    Pluperf. and imperf.:

    quod quidem tibi ostenderam cum a me Capuam reiciebam,

    Cic. Att. 8, 11, D, 5.—
    10.
    Imperf. subj. (post-class.):

    tunc venena edebat bibebatque, cum immensis epulis non delectaretur tantum, sed gloriaretur,

    Sen. Cons. Helv. 10, 10.—
    11.
    Often relatively added to nouns when a relative clause must be supplied:

    illa scelera... cum ejus domum evertisti, cujus, etc.,

    which you committed when (by), Cic. Pis. 34, 83; id. Imp. Pomp. 12, 33; id. Verr. 2, 5, 13, § 33; Liv. 5, 3, 4; 23, 9, 11; 29, 17, 9.
    E.
    In relative clauses, = quo tempore, quo, etc.
    1.
    Dependent on nouns designating time, the mood follows the general rules of relative clauses.
    a.
    The principal sentence is a formal statement of indefinite time, with the copula (tempus fuit cum, or fuit cum, analogous to sunt qui, etc.); generally with subj., but sometimes indic., when sunt qui would take this mood.
    (α).
    With pres. or fut. indic.: nunc est profecto (i. e. tempus), interfici quom perpeti me possum (the ante-class. writers construe sunt qui with indic.), Ter. Eun. 3, 5, 3; id. And. 1, 1, 125:

    jam aderit tempus quom sese etiam ipse oderit,

    Plaut. Bacch. 3, 3, 12; Ter. Hec. 4, 1, 28.—
    (β).
    With pres. subj.: nunc est ille dies quom gloria maxima sese nobis ostendat, si vivimus, sive morimur, Enn. ap. Prisc. 10, p. 880 P. (Ann. v. 383 Vahl.); so Plaut. Capt. 3, 3, 1:

    erit illud profecto tempus et illucescet aliquando dies cum... amicissimi benevolentiam desideres,

    Cic. Mil. 25, 69; Val. Max. 6, 2, 9.—
    (γ).
    With preterites, indic., Plaut. Truc. 2, 4, 29:

    fuit quoddam tempus cum in agris homines bestiarum more vagabantur,

    Cic. Inv. 1, 2, 2 (cf.:

    fuerunt alia genera qui... dicebant,

    id. de Or. 3, 17, 62):

    fuit cum hoc dici poterat (potuisset would be hypothetical),

    Liv. 7, 32, 13.—
    (δ).
    With preterites, subj., Ter. Heaut. 5, 4, 1:

    quod fuit tempus cum rura colerent homines,

    Varr. R. R. 3, 1:

    ac fuit cum mihi quoque initium requiescendi concessum arbitrarer,

    Cic. Or. 1, 1, 1; so id. Brut. 2, 7; Caes. B. G. 6, 24.—
    b.
    Attributively with nouns denoting time (tempus, dies, etc.), in ordinary sentences.
    (α).
    With pres. or fut. indic.:

    incidunt saepe tempora cum ea commutantur,

    Cic. Off. 1, 10, 31:

    longum illud tempus cum non ero, etc.,

    id. Att. 12, 8, 1; id. Verr. 2, 5, 69, § 177; id. Quint. 2, 8; id. Sen. 23, 84.—With potential subj., Cic. Att. 3, 3.—
    (β).
    With past tenses, indic., Plaut. Am. prol. 91; id. rud. 2, 6, 12; Ter. And. 5, 3, 12:

    atque ille eo tempore paruit cum parere senatui necesse erat,

    Cic. Lig. 7, 20:

    memini noctis illius cum... pollicebar,

    id. Planc. 42, 101; id. Phil. 2, 18, 45; 2, 35, 88; id. Imp. Pomp. 15, 44; id. Sest. 7, 15; 29, 62; id. Sull. 18, 52; id. Fam. 11, 8, 1; 11, 27, 3; id. de Or. 1, 11, 45; Sall. J. 31, 20; Ov. Tr. 4, 10, 6; Prop. 1, 10, 5; 1, 22, 5; Gell. 1, 23, 2 et saep.—So with nouns implying time:

    illa pugna quom, etc. ( = in qua),

    Plaut. Poen. 2, 26;

    Marcellino Consule, cum ego... putabam ( = anno Marcellini, quo, etc.),

    Cic. Att. 9, 9, 4:

    patrum nostrorum memoria cum exercitus videbatur ( = tempore quo),

    Caes. B. G. 1, 40; Cic. Fam. 13, 1, 2; Liv. 6, 40, 17.—
    (γ).
    With preterites in subj., Ter. Hec. 4, 4, 30:

    accepit enim agrum iis temporibus cum jacerent pretia praediorum,

    Cic. Rosc. Com. 12, 33; so id. Off. 2, 19, 65:

    numerandus est ille annus cum obmutuisset senatus?

    id. Pis. 12, 26; so id. Verr. 2, 4, 35, § 77; id. Rep. 2, 37, 62; id. Font. 3, 6; Liv. 3, 65, 8:

    haec scripsi postridie ejus diei cum castra haberem Mopsuhestiae (cf. habebam, as epistolary tense),

    Cic. Fam. 3, 8, 10.—If the clause does not define the noun, but is a co-ordinate designation of time, it follows the rule of adverbial clauses:

    eodem anno, cum omnia infida Romanis essent, Capuae quoque conjurationes factae,

    while, Liv. 9, 26, 5; Cic. Rep. 2, 36, 61; id. de Or. 2, 3, 12; Liv. 8, 15, 1; 1, 41, 6.—
    c.
    Appositively added to temporal adverbs and to dates (heri, hodie, medius, tertius, olim, antea, quondam, nuper, olim, postea) following the rules of adverbial clauses:

    Crassus hodie, cum vos non adessetis, posuit idem, etc.,

    Cic. de Or. 2, 10, 41:

    omnia quae a te nudius tertius dicta sunt, cum docere velles, etc.,

    id. N. D. 3, 7, 18; id. Sest. 48, 103; id. Att. 4, 3, 2; id. Inv. 2, 1, 1; id. Rep. 1, 39, 61; Caes. B. C. 2, 17 et saep.—So with dates (always subj.. except with cum haec scribebam, or dabam):

    posteaquam Pompeius apud populum ad VIII. Id. Febr., cum pro Milone diceret, clamore convicioque jactatus est,

    Cic. Fam. 1, 5, b, 1; 3, 3, 1; 3, 4, 1; 4, 2, 1; id. Att. 14, 19, 1.—
    2.
    The principal sentence defines a period of time during which the action of the clause has or had lasted, always with indic., and after the words defining the period, = per quod tempus, when, that, during which, while, etc.
    a.
    With pres., = Engl. pres. perf.
    (α).
    With cardinal, definite or indefinite. (1) Time in acc. (ante-class.):

    hanc domum Jam multos annos est quom possideo,

    that I have been the owner, Plaut. Aul. prol. 4; cf. id. Merc. 3, 1, 37.—(2) Time in nom.:

    anni sunt octo cum ista causa in ista meditatione versatur,

    Cic. Clu. 30, 82; id. Or. 51, 171; id. Fam. 15, 14, 1; id. Div. 2, 36, 76.—
    (β).
    With ordinals:

    vigesimus annus est, cum omnes scelerati me unum petunt,

    Cic. Phil. 12, 10, 24; Verg. A. 5, 627; 3, 646.—
    (γ).
    With diu:

    jam diu'st quom ventri victum non datis,

    Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 146; Gell. 1, 25, 12.—
    b.
    Perf. with negation, the principal predicate in pres. or logical perf., = Engl. pres. perf.:

    quia septem menses sunt quom in hasce aedes pedem Nemo intro tetulit,

    Plaut. Most. 2, 2, 39; id. Men. 3, 1, 3; Prop. 3, 8, 33 (2, 16, 33. —
    c.
    With pluperf., the principal predicate in imperf.:

    permulti jam anni erant cum inter patricios magistratus tribunosque nulla certamina fuerant,

    Liv. 9, 33, 3.—
    d.
    With imperf., the principal predicate in perf. or pluperf.:

    dies triginta aut plus in ea navi fui, Quom interea semper mortem exspectabam miser,

    Ter. Hec. 3, 4, 7:

    unus et alter dies intercesserat, cum res parum certa videbatur,

    Cic. Clu. 26, 72.—
    3.
    The principal sentence specifying a period of time which has or had elapsed since the action took place, = ex ejus tempore, since or after, always with indic.; the principal predicate pres. or logical perf., cum with perf. indic.
    a.
    With cardinals.
    (α).
    Time in acc. (ante-class.):

    annos factum'st sedecim Quom conspicatus est primo crepusculo Puellam exponi,

    Plaut. Cas. prol. 39; so probably id. Pers. 1, 3, 57; id. Trin. 2, 4, 1; id. Merc. 3, 1, 37.—
    (β).
    With nom.:

    nondum centum et decem anni sunt cum de pecuniis repetundis lata lex est,

    Cic. Off. 2, 21, 75; id. Fam. 15, 16, 3; id. Att. 9, 11, A, 2.—
    b.
    With diu or dudum:

    nam illi quidem haut sane diu'st quom dentes exciderunt,

    Plaut. Merc. 3, 1, 42; id. As. 2, 1, 3; id. Trin. 4, 3, 3.—
    c.
    Peculiarly, cum referring to an action which was to be done after a period of time, before, at the end of which:

    omnino biduum supererat cum exercitui frumentum metiri oporteret,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 23. —
    4.
    In inverted clauses, the principal sentence determining the time of the clause, cum ( = quo tempore) having the force of a relative; cum with the indic. always following the principal sentence; never in oblique discourse; very freq. in class. and post-class. writings (ante-class. only Plaut. Men. 5, 8, 3; Ter. Hec. 1, 2, 40; id. Eun. 4, 2, 5); principal sentence often with jam, vix, vixdum, nondum, tantum quod, and commodum; cum often with subito, repente, sometimes interim, tamen, etiamtum.
    a.
    Principal sentence defining time by temporal expressions.
    (α).
    Principal sentence with pluperf. (1) Cum with perf. or histor. pres.:

    dies nondum decem intercesserant cum ille alter filius necatur,

    Cic. Clu. 9, 28; id. Verr. 1, 2, 36; id. Or. 2, 21, 89; Ov. M. 9, 715; Plin. Pan. 91, 1.—(2) Cum with histor. inf., Sall. J. 98, 2.—
    (β).
    Principal sentence with imperf. (1) Cum with perf. or histor. pres.:

    nondum lucebat cum Ameriae scitum est,

    Cic. Rosc. Am. 34, 97; Liv. 21, 59, 5; 41, 26, 2; 22, 1, 1; 9, 33, 3; 9, 37, 5; Verg. G. 2, 340; Curt. 4, 3, 16; 5, 12, 6 al.—(2) Cum with imperf., Curt. 6, 7, 1.—
    (γ).
    Principal sentence with perf., cum with perf.:

    dies haud multi intercesserunt cum ex Leontinis praesidium... venerunt,

    Liv. 24, 29, 1; 40, 48, 4.—
    b.
    Principal sentence not containing expressions of time; most freq. with pluperf. or imperf. in principal sentence, and perf. or histor. pres. in clause with cum, but (far more rarely) many other combinations occur.
    (α).
    Principal sentence with imperf., cum with perf.:

    non dubitabat Minucius quin, etc., cum repente jubetur dicere,

    Cic. Verr. 1, 2, 29, § 72:

    jamque hoc facere noctu adparabant cum matres familiae repente... procucurrerunt,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 26, 3; Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 14, § 36; Liv. 1, 36, 1 (57 times); Verg. A. 1, 36 (26 times); Vell. 2, 28, 2; Sen. Ira, 1, 18, 3; Tac. A. 3, 1 (31 times); Curt. 3, 10, 1 (19 times); Plin. Ep. 6, 24, 2.—
    (β).
    Principal sentence with pluperf., cum with perf. or histor. pres.:

    jam Sora capta erat cum consules prima luce advenere,

    Liv. 9, 24, 13 (32 times); Cic. Clu. 9, 28 (14 times); Sall. J. 60, 6; Verg. A. 1, 586 (13 times); Tac. A. 1, 19 (13 times); Curt. 3, 10, 1 (18 times). —And cum with potential subj.:

    vix erat hoc plane imperatum cum illum spoliatum... videres,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 40, § 86.—
    (γ).
    Principal sentence with perf., Cic. Sest. 37, 39 (5 times); Liv. 2, 46, 3 (8 times).—
    (δ).
    Principal sentence with histor. inf., Liv. 5, 46, 1; Tac. A. 1, 11; 11, 16; Curt. 5, 9, 1; 9, 5, 1.—
    (ε).
    Principal sentence with histor. pres., Liv. 4, 32, 1 (3 times); Ov. M. 4, 695 (5 times).—
    (ζ).
    Cum with imperf., Cic. Verr. 1, 6, 17 (3 times); Sall. J. 51, 2; Liv. 44, 10, 6; Tac. A. 1, 51; 11, 26.—
    (η).
    Cum with [p. 495] histor. inf., Liv. 2, 27, 1; Tac. A. 2, 31 (6 times); Curt. 4, 4, 9.—
    (θ).
    Cum with pluperf., Liv. 2, 46, 3 (3 times); Ov. M. 14, 581; Verg. A. 2, 256 sq.—
    (κ).
    With logical perf., or logical perf. and pres. (rare):

    quam multi enim jam oratores commemorati sunt... cum tamen spisse ad Antonium Crassumque pervenimus,

    Cic. Brut. 36, 138:

    jamque fuga timidum caput abdidit alte (coluber), Cum medii nexus extremaeque agmina caudae Solvuntur,

    Verg. G. 3, 422.—
    5.
    In clauses added loosely or parenthetically to a preceding clause or to a substantive in it (the mood governed by the rules for relative clauses).
    a.
    When, on an occasion, on which, etc.
    (α).
    With perf. indic.:

    Hortensium maxime probavi pro Messala dicentem, cum tu abfuisti,

    Cic. Brut. 96, 328; id. Phil. 11, 8, 18; id. Dom. 9, 22; 53, 136; id. Fam. 13, 75, 1; Spart. Had. 3; Flor. 1, 18, 9 (1, 13, 19).—
    (β).
    With imperf. indic.:

    num infitiari potes te illo ipso die meis praesidiis circumclusum commovere te non potuisse, cum tu nostra... caede contentum esse dicebas?

    Cic. Cat. 1, 3, 7; id. Sest. 63, 131; id. Cael. 24, 59.—
    (γ).
    Cum with pres. indic., a past tense in principal sentence (mostly poet.):

    nox erat et placidum carpebant fessa soporem Corpora... cum medio volvuntur sidera lapsu, Cum tacet omnis ager, etc.,

    Verg. A. 4, 522; 8, 407; 12, 114; id. E. 8, 15; Hor. S. 1, 10, 31; Plin. Ep. 6, 16, 22.—
    (δ).
    Imperf. subj.: qui... accensi nulla deinde vi sustineri potuere, cum compulsi in castra Romani rursus obsiderentur, in consequence of which ( = ita ut), Liv. 3, 5, 8.—
    (ε).
    So freq. cum quidem, always with indic.:

    sed uterque noster cedere cogebatur, cum quidem ille pollicitus est, se quod velletis esse facturum,

    Cic. Phil. 9, 4, 9; id. Fl. 22, 53; id. Pis. 9, 21; 34, 83 and 84; id. Leg. 2, 6, 14; id. Sen. 4, 11; Suet. Caes. 50; Spart. Had. 9; id. Ael. Ver. 4.—
    b.
    Cum tamen, at which time however, and yet, while nevertheless, representing the principal sentence as concessive, analogous to qui tamen (v. tamen).
    (α).
    With indic., like qui tamen, always, except for particular reasons:

    fit gemitus omnium et clamor, cum tamen a praesenti supplicio tuo continuit populus Romanus se, etc.,

    Cic. Verr. 1, 5, 29, § 74; id. Pis. 12, 27; Liv. 6, 42, 11; Verg. A. 9, 513; Tac. H. 1, 62; so,

    cum nihilo magis,

    Nep. Dat. 10, 3; passing over into inverted cum clauses (4. b.), as Sall. J. 98, 2; Liv. 27, 20, 11.—
    (β).
    With subj., Cic. Phil. 2, 18, 45; id. Fam. 1, 9, 10; Liv. 4, 31, 6 (where the clause with cum is adverbial).—
    6.
    Cum interea (interim).
    a.
    Adverbial (rare).
    (α).
    Temporal with subj.; with subj. imperf., while, Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 25, § 62; with pluperf. subj., after, id. ib. 1, 2, 9, § 25; id. Fam. 15, 43.—
    (β).
    Adversative, with subj., whereas during this time. (1) Pres.:

    simulat se eorum praesidio conflteri, cum interea aliud quiddam jam diu machinetur,

    Cic. Verr. 1, 6, 15; Val. Max. 2, 9, 1; Sen. Q. N. 1, prol. 14.—(2) With perf. subj.:

    cum tu interim vero numquam significaris sententiam tuam,

    Cic. Pis. 4, 9; id. Rosc. Am. 5, 11 dub.; Val. Max. 7, 8, 6.—(3) With imperf. subj., Cic. Sull. 5, 6; Plin. Pan. 76, 1.—
    b.
    Relative, always with indic., in class. writings always referring to a period during which, belonging,
    (α).
    To the attributive clauses (v. 2. supra). (1) In pres.:

    anni sunt octo... cum interea Cluentianae pecuniae vestigium nullum invenitis,

    Cic. Clu. 30, 82; Liv. 5, 54, 5; Plaut. Stich. 1, 1, 33.— (2) In imperf., Ter. Hec. 3, 4, 8 (2. c.).—
    (β).
    To the inverted clauses (4.):

    tanta erat in his locis multitudo cum interim Rufio noster... hominem percussit,

    Cic. Att. 5, 2, 2.—So probably: cum interim Gallus quidam processit, Quadrig. ap. Gell. 9, 13, 7; Cic. Fam. 3, 6, 5; id. Pis. 38, 92 sq.; id. Tusc. 4, 3, 6; Sall. J. 12, 5; 49, 4; Liv. 3, 37, 5; Val. Max. 8, 1, 3; 9, 7, 2; Sen. Ira, 2, 33, 4; Tac. H. 1, 60; with indefinite pres. indic. in both terms, Sen. Cons. Marc. 11, 5.—
    (γ).
    To the additional clauses (5.). (1) With perf. indic., Plaut. Men. 3, 1, 3; Flor. 4, 2, 69; 4, 12, 33; with inf. in oblique discourse, Liv. 4, 51, 4; 6, 27, 6.—(2) Post-Aug., and in Nep., = cum tamen (5. b.), while nevertheless, whereas, with pres. or perf. indic.:

    post Leuctricam pugnam Lacedaemonii se numquam refecerunt... cum interim Agesilaus non destitit patriam juvare,

    Nep. Ages. 7, 1: cum interim Oedipodis ossa... colis, Val. Max. 5, 3, ext. 3; 3, 4, 5; 4, 4, 1; Quint. 10, 1, 18; 10, 1, 11; 12, 10, 67; Tac. H. 4, 42; Suet. Claud. 6; Flor. 4, 12, 33.
    F.
    In clauses completing the idea of the governing verb.
    1.
    After verbs of perception (videre, perspicere, audire, etc.; audivi cum diceres, etc. = audivi te dicentem).
    a.
    Dependent on verbs of seeing and feeling.
    (α).
    With indic.:

    nam ipsi vident eorum quom auferimus bona ( = nos auferre or auferentes),

    Plaut. Truc. 1, 2, 16; id. Poen. 3, 4, 13; id. Am. 5, 1, 19; id. Bacch. 3, 3, 65; id. Mil. 2, 6, 26:

    conspectum est cum obiit,

    Liv. 5, 25, 3.—
    (β).
    With subj.:

    is... numquam est conspectus cum veniret,

    Cic. Sest. 59, 126:

    vidi... Cum tu terga dares,

    Ov. M. 13, 224.—
    b.
    After verbs of hearing, always with subj.:

    L. Flaccum ego audivi cum diceret Caeciliam exisse, etc.,

    Cic. Div. 1, 46, 104; id. Par. 6, 1, 45; id. de Or. 2, 6, 22; 2, 28, 129; 2, 33, 144; 2, 37, 155; 2, 90, 365; id. Brut. 27, 85; id. Fin. 5, 19, 54; id. Fam. 3, 7, 4; Sen. Ben. 5, 24, 1.—
    c.
    After memini, with indic. (sc. tempus):

    memini quom... haud audebat,

    Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 53:

    memini cum mihi desipere videbare,

    Cic. Fam. 7, 28, 1.—With subj.:

    memini cum velles residere ferventissimo sole,

    Sen. Ben. 5, 24, 1.—
    2.
    After verba adfectuum, with the force of quod, always with indic. (mostly ante-class.).
    a.
    Verbs of thanking:

    habeo gratiam tibi Quom copiam istam mi et potestatem facis,

    Plaut. Capt. 2, 3, 14; id. Curc. 5, 3, 21; id. As. 3, 2, 2; id. Most. 2, 2, 2; id. Poen. 1, 2, 46; 5, 4, 84 (99); Ter. And. 4, 4, 32; id. Ad. 1, 2, 59:

    tibi maximas gratias ago, cum tantum litterae meae potuerunt, ut eis lectis, etc.,

    Cic. Fam. 13, 24, 2.—
    b.
    Of congratulation:

    quom tu's aucta liberis... gratulor,

    Plaut. Truc. 2, 4, 33; 2, 6, 35: L. Caesar, O mi Cicero, inquit, gratulor tibi cum tantum vales apud Dolabellam, etc., L. Caesar ap. Cic. Fam. 9, 14, 3; and ib. Att. 14, 17, A, 3.—
    c.
    Of rejoicing and grieving:

    quom istaec res tibi ex sententia Pulcre evenit, gaudeo,

    Plaut. Rud. 5, 3, 10; id. Poen. 5, 5, 48:

    cum vero in C. Matii familiaritatem venisti, non dici potest quam valde gaudeam,

    Cic. Fam. 7, 15, 2; Sall. J. 102, 5.—
    d.
    Dependent on optative sentences:

    di tibi bene faciant semper quom advocatus bene mi ades,

    Plaut. Mil. 5, 26; id. Poen. 3, 3, 54; 3, 3, 74; Ter. Ad. 5, 7, 19.
    G.
    Elliptical usages (without predicate).
    1.
    Cum maxime.
    a.
    With ut: hanc Bacchidem Amabat, ut quom maxime, tum Pamphilus ( = ut amabat tum quom maxume amabat, as much as he ever did), Ter. Hec. 1, 2, 40:

    etiamne ea neglegamus, quae fiunt cum maxime, quae videmus?

    Cic. Har. Resp. 15, 32.—Hence,
    b.
    By abbreviation: nunc cum maxime or cum maxime alone, now especially, just now: tum cum maxime, just then:

    nunc cum maxume operis aliquid facere credo,

    Ter. Ad. 4, 1, 2; id. Phorm. 1, 4, 26; id. Heaut. 4, 5, 40:

    quae multos jam annos et nunc cum maxime filium interfectum cupit,

    Cic. Clu. 5, 12:

    castra amissa, et tum cum maxime ardere,

    Liv. 40, 32, 1; Curt. 3, 2, 17; Sen. Ira, 1, 16, 3; id. Ben. 3, 3, 3; id. Ep. 55, 1; 55, 11; 81, 7; Tac. Or. 16; 37; Eum. pro Schol. 4; Mamert. 2.—With maxime in adverbial clauses, just while, especially when, Cic. Att. 2, 15, 3; id. Off. 1, 13, 41; id. Fam. 1, 5, a, 2; Liv. 1, 50, 7; 2, 59, 7; 3, 25, 4; 3, 31, 3; 4, 3, 1; 8, 33, 4 et saep.—
    2.
    Similarly with other superlatives (post-class.):

    foliis ternis, aut, cum plurimum, quaternis,

    at the utmost, Plin. 25, 10, 74, § 121; 18, 7, 10, § 60:

    cum tardissime,

    id. 18, 7, 10, § 51:

    cum longissime,

    Suet. Tib. 38.
    H.
    For co-ordinate clauses with cum... tum, v. tum, I. A. 3.
    II.
    Causal, since, because, as.
    A.
    Anteclass., chiefly with indic.
    1.
    With pres. indic.:

    hoc hic quidem homines tam brevem vitam colunt, Quom hasce herbas hujus modi in suom alvom congerunt,

    because, Plaut. Ps. 3, 2, 34; id. Truc. 1, 2, 50; 2, 4, 8:

    edepol, merito esse iratum arbitror, Quom apud te tam parva'st ei fides,

    since, id. Ps. 1, 5, 62; id. Most. 1, 1, 28; id. Truc. 2, 1, 32; Ter. Phorm. 1, 4, 30; id. Hec. 4, 1, 53.—
    2.
    With perf. indic.:

    praesertim quom is me dignum quoi concrederet Habuit, me habere honorem ejus ingenio decet,

    Plaut. As. 1, 1, 66; Ter. And. 3, 2, 8.—
    3.
    With subj.
    a.
    By construction of principal sentence: adeon, me fuisse fungum ut qui illi crederem, Quom mi ipsum nomen ejus Clamaret, etc., Plaut. Bacch. 2, 3, 51; id. Capt. 1, 2, 37; Ter. Hec. 3, 2, 6; id. Eun. 3, 5, 18; 5, 2, 24.—
    b.
    Independent of such construction:

    jam istoc probior es meo quidem animo quom in amore temperes,

    Plaut. Ep. 1, 2, 8 (bracketed by Goetz;

    Brix conjectures temperas): nil miror si lubenter tu hic eras, Quom ego servos quando aspicio hunc lacrumem quia dijungimur,

    id. Mil. 4, 8, 18 Lorenz (Brix: quin ego... lacrumo; cf.

    Lubbert, Grammat. Stud. II. pp. 133, 137): Nam puerum injussu eredo non tollent meo, Praesertim in ea re quom sit mi adjutrix socrus,

    Ter. Hec. 4, 4, 82; so id. Ad. 2, 1, 12.
    B.
    Class. and post-class., always with subj.
    1.
    With pres. subj.:

    cum ista sis auctoritate, non debes arripere maledictum ex trivio,

    Cic. Mur. 6, 13:

    cum vita sine amicis insidiarum et metus plena sit, ratio ipsa monet amicitias comparare,

    id. Fin. 1, 20, 66:

    quae cum ita sint, videamus, etc.,

    id. Clu. 44, 123:

    quod cum ita sit, etc.,

    id. Fam. 3, 1, 1; id. Mur. 1, 2; id. Arch. 5, 10; id. Off. 3, 3, 13; id. Rosc. Am. 8, 22; Liv. 7, 9, 5; 21, 21, 5 et saep.—
    2.
    With perf. subj.:

    cum inimicitiae fuerint numquam, opinio injuriae beneficiis sit exstincta... rei publicae providebo,

    Cic. Prov. Cons. 20, 47; id. de Or. 1, 49, 214; the perf. subj. is often retained after a principal predicate in a past tense, id. Clu. 60, 167; id. Fam. 3, 8, 4.—
    3.
    With imperf. subj.
    a.
    Denoting both cause and coincidence of time:

    vacuum fundum, cum ego adessem, possidere non potuisti,

    Auct. Her. 4, 29, 40; Cic. Or. 8, 25:

    cum tanta multitudo lapides et tela conicerent, in muro consistendi potestas erat nulli,

    Caes. B. G. 2, 6; id. B. C. 3, 1; Liv. 39, 31, 3; 4, 8, 3; 25, 11, 1.—
    b.
    Denoting cause without time:

    cum esset egens, sumptuosus, audax... ad omnem fraudem versare suam mentem coepit,

    Cic. Clu. 26, 70:

    quod oppidum cum esset altissimo et munitissimo loco, ad existimationem imperii arbitratus sum, comprimere eorum audaciam,

    id. Fam. 15, 4, 10; Caes. B. C. 3, 37.—
    4.
    With pluperf. subj.:

    Caesar cum constituisset hiemare in continenti, neque multum aestatis superesset, obsides imperat, etc.,

    Caes. B. G. 5, 22.
    C.
    With adverbs of emphasis.
    1.
    Praesertim cum, or cum praesertim, = especially since, the more so because:

    quae cum ita sint, quid est quod de ejus civitate dubitetis, praesertim cum aliis quoque civitatibus fuerit adscriptus?

    Cic. Arch. 5, 10:

    cur enim tibi hoc non gratificor nescio, praesertim cum his temporibus audacia pro sapientia liceat uti,

    id. Fam. 1, 10, 1:

    cum praesertim vos alium miseritis,

    id. Imp. Pomp. 5, 12; id. Rosc. Am. 8, 22; id. Prov. Cons. 7, 16 (cum praesertim rarely refers to time, with indic., Sen. Ep. 85, 6).—
    2.
    Quippe cum represents the conclusion as selfevident, since of course, since obviously:

    nihil est virtute amabilius, quippe cum propter virtutem etiam eos, quos numquam videmus, quodammodo diligamus,

    Cic. Lael. 8, 28:

    numquam ego pecunias istorum, etc., in bonis rebus duxi, quippe cum viderem, etc.,

    id. Par. 1, 1, 6; id. Leg. 1, 1, 5; 1, 20, 54; id. Fin. 3, 12, 41; 5, 28, 84; Liv. 4, 27, 8; 4, 57, 10.—Sometimes with indic. if cum refers to time, when of course, if, of course: tu vero etiam si reprehenderes... laetarer: quippe cum in reprehensione est prudentia cum eumeneiai, Cic. Att. 16, 11, 2.—In later writers with indic., because when:

    omnia experiri necessitas cogebat: quippe cum primas spes fortuna destituit, futura praesentibus videntur esse potiora,

    Curt. 4, 1, 29.—
    3.
    Utpote cum, seeing that, explanatory, with subj.:

    me incommoda valetudo qua jam emerseram, utpote cum sine febri laborassem, tenebat Brundusii,

    Cic. Att. 5, 8, 1; Cels. 1 prooem.; Sen. Cons. Marc. 21, 2.
    III.
    Adversative, while, whereas, denoting a logical contrast with the principal sentence.
    A.
    Ante-class., chiefly,
    1.
    With indic.:

    hei mihi, insanire me aiunt, ultro quom ipsi insaniunt,

    Plaut. Men. 5, 2, 80; id. Stich. 1, 37; id. Bacch. 5, 2, 5; Ter. Phorm. prol. 23; 2, 2, 26.—
    2.
    Subj.
    a.
    By construction of principal predicate:

    tibi obtemperem quom tu mihi nequeas?

    Plaut. Most. 4, 2, 16 (4, 1, 50).—
    b.
    Independent of construction: edepol, Cupido, quom tam pausillus sis, nimis multum vales, Naev. ap. Non. p. 421, 25 (Lubbert conjectures quom [p. 496] tu's tam pausillus):

    eo vos madefacitis, quom ego sim hic siccus?

    Plaut. Ps. 1, 2, 52.
    B.
    Class. and post-class., always with subj.
    1.
    With pres. subj.:

    cum de bonis et de caede agatur, testimonium dicturus est is qui et sector est et sicarius,

    Cic. Rosc. Am. 36, 103; id. Clu. 24, 65; id. Leg. 1, 7, 22:

    et cum tibi, viro, liceat purpura in veste stragula uti, matrem familias tuam purpureum amiculum habere non sines?

    Liv. 34, 7, 3; Sen. Prov. 4, 10; id. Clem. 1, 18, 2; id. Ben. 2, 16, 1.—
    2.
    With perf. subj.: an tu, cum omnem auctoritatem universi ordinis pro pignore putaris, eamque... concideris, me his existimas pignoribus terreri? Crass. ap. Cic. de Or. 3, 1, 4:

    indignatur exul aliquid sibi deesse, cum defuerit Scipioni dos?

    Sen. Cons. Helv. 12, 7; id. Ira, 3, 12, 7; freq. pres. and perf. subj. retained, if dependent on preterites, Cic. Brut. 71, 250; id. Agr. 3, 2, 5.—
    3.
    With imperf. subj.:

    ita, cum maximis eum rebus liberares, perparvam amicitiae culpam relinquebas,

    Cic. Deiot. 3, 10:

    hunc Egnatium censores, cum patrem eicerent, retinuerunt,

    id. Clu. 48, 135:

    eorum erat V. milium numerus, cum ipsi non amplius octingentos equites haberent,

    Caes. B. G. 4, 11; Liv. 1, 55, 3; Cic. de Or. 1, 1, 1; 1, 53, 227; 2, 50, 203; id. Clu. 5, 12; id. Ac. 1, 10, 38 sq.; Liv. 39, 49, 1; Val. Max. 1, 6, 11; 3, 2, 10 fin. —
    4.
    With pluperf. subj.:

    Socratis ingenium immortalitati scriptis suis Plato tradidit, cum ipse litteram Socrates nullam reliquisset,

    Cic. de Or. 3, 16, 60; id. Ac. 2, 1, 2; id. Prov. Cons. 11, 27; Val. Max. 1, 8, 11.
    IV.
    Concessive, although, denoting a reason for the contrary of the principal sentence.
    A.
    Ante-class., mostly with indic.
    1.
    Indic.:

    qui it lavatum In balineas, quom ibi sedulo sua vestimenta servat, Tam subripiuntur,

    Plaut. Rud. 2, 3, 52; Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 12; Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 26; id. Truc. 1, 2, 89 (95); id. Stich. 1, 2, 67.—
    2.
    With subj.: nihilominus ipsi lucet, quom illi accenderit, Enn. ap. Cic. Off. 1, 16, 51 (Trag. Rel. v. 389 Rib.).
    B.
    Class. and post-class., always with subj.
    1.
    Pres. subj.:

    testis est Graecia, quae cum eloquentiae studio sit incensa, jamdiuque excellat in ea... tamen omnis artis vetustiores habet,

    Cic. Brut. 7, 26:

    nam (Druentia) cum aquae vim vehat ingentem, non tamen navium patiens est,

    Liv. 21, 31, 11.—
    2.
    Imperf. subj.:

    ego autem, cum consilium tuum probarem, et idem ipse sentirem, nihil proficiebam,

    Cic. Fam. 4, 1, 1:

    non poterant tamen, cum cuperent, Apronium imitari,

    id. Verr. 2, 3, 34, § 78; id. de Or. 1, 28, 126; id. Brut. 7, 28; 91, 314; id. Inv. 2, 31, 97; id. Clu. 40, 110; Caes. B. G. 5, 40; Liv. 5, 38, 5; Nep. Att. 13, 1; so,

    quae cum ita essent... tamen,

    although this was so, Cic. Clu. 34, 94; id. Fam. 2, 16, 2.—
    3.
    With pluperf. subj.:

    cui cum Cato et Caninius intercessissent, tamen est perscripta,

    Cic. Fam. 1, 2, 4:

    patrem meum, cum proscriptus non esset, jugulastis,

    id. Rosc. Am. 11, 32.
    V.
    In hypothetical clauses, always with imperf. or pluperf. subj., = si, but defining an assumed or fictitious time.
    1.
    With imperf. subj.:

    quis ex populo, cum Scaevolam dicentem audiret in ea causa, quicquam politius aut elegantius exspectaret?

    Cic. Brut. 55, 194:

    etiam tum quiesceretis cum rem publicam a facinorosissimis sicariis esse oppressam videretis?

    id. Sest. 38, 81; id. Rosc. Am. 31, 86; id. Verr. 2, 1, 10, §§ 28 and 29.—
    2.
    With pluperf. subj.:

    quod esset judicium cum de Verris turpissimo comitatu tres recuperatorum nomine adsedissent?

    Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 12, § 30:

    mors cum exstinxisset invidiam, res ejus gestae sempiterni nominis glorianiterentur,

    id. Balb. 6, 16.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > Cum

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См. также в других словарях:

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